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31 protocols using cm120 biotwin

1

Fiber Characterization by SEM and TEM

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Small samples (ca. 0.5 × 0.5 cm) were cut from each fiber mat for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These were sputter coated with gold and then imaged using a Quanta 200F instrument (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). The fiber diameters were quantified at 100 points for each sample, using the ImageJ software (v1.48; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The coaxial materials were also studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on a CM 120 Bio-Twin instrument (Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). For this, fibers were directly spun onto carbon-coated TEM grids (TAAB, Aldermaston, UK).
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2

Ultrastructural Analysis of Dendritic Cell Maturation

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DC were prepared for ultrastructure observation by TEM according to described protocols [56 ]. DC were fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed and stained with 1% osmium tetraoxide to contrast membranes and post-fixed and stained with 1% uranyl acetate for contrasting of proteins. Cells were dehydrated stepwise in ethanol series and infiltrated and embedded in epoxy resin. Polymerized blocks with pelleted cells were trimmed and cut into ultrathin sections. Samples on grids were observed at 100 kV with a Philips CM120 BioTWIN transmission electron microscope. Three DC populations were compared: (1) immature DC, (2) mature DC after 3 days of maturation with TNF-α and (3) mature DC, preincubated with p41 fragment (3.5 μM) for 6 h prior to onset of maturation, and then matured with TNF-a for 3 days.
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3

Aβ42 Fibrillation Imaging by cryoTEM

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Freshly fibrillated
samples (according to the ThT fluorescence) of Aβ42 with PDDA,
PEI, poly-Lys, PAA, poly-Glu, or poly-Thr were spotted on 300 mesh
formvar carbon film grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield,
PA). Five microliters of the sample was placed on the grid for 3–6
min, blotted, stained on a drop of 1.5% uranyl acetate (Merck) for
another 1 min, and rinsed on 2 drops of water (Milli-Q). The samples
were analyzed in a Philips CM120 BioTWIN cryoTEM at 6200× and
31 000× magnifications.
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4

Transmission Electron Microscope Imaging

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After postfixation in 1% OsO4 and staining with 1% uranyl acetate, tissue was dehydrated and embedded in Agar 100. 30–60-nm sections were counterstained with methanolic uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined with a transmission electron microscope (CM120 BioTwin; Philips). Images were taken with a 1,000 × 1,000 slow scan charge-coupled device camera (Olympus).
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5

Transmission Electron Microscope Imaging

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For 2D analysis, images of ultrathin sections of ∼70 nm thickness were recorded on a Philips CM120 BioTwin transmission electron microscope (Philips Inc.). Usually, 2D images of at least 20 different cells were randomly recorded for each sample at 8,600× original magnification using a TemCam 224A slow-scan CCD camera (TVIPS).
For electron tomography, tilt-series of thin sections of ∼230 nm that were in addition decorated with 10-nm gold beads on both sides were recorded on a Talos L120C transmission electron microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific/FEI Company) at 17,500× original magnification using a Ceta 4k × 4k CMOS camera in an unbinning mode. Series were recorded from −65.0° to 65.0° with a 2° dose-symmetric angular increase. The series were calculated using Etomo (David Mastronade; http://bio3d.colorado.edu/).
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6

Characterization of Enzyme-Silica Composites

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SEM (JEOL JSM6700), TEM (JEOL JEM2100 and Philips CM120 BioTWIN), and laser particle size analyzer (Malven S-90) were used to examine the particle morphologies of CLEAs, CLEAs-Si, PAL-Si, and P-CLEAs-Si. The ultramicrotomed samples of P-CLEAs-Si were sliced to a thickness of 50~90 nm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to investigate the distribution of CLEAs. Prior to observation, PALs were mixed with FITC solution (50 mg/ml, FITC in acetone) for 3 min to form a highly fluorescent product by the reaction between primary amines in proteins and fluorescamine37 . Modified FITC labeled PALs were then immobilized. CLSM observation was performed with a Leica TCS SP5 microscope (Leica Camera AG, Germany). The samples were excited at 390 nm and FITC fluorescence was detected between 460 and 480 nm. N2 adsorption isotherms were obtained on a Beckman coulter SA3100 analyzer at 77 K. Specific surface areas and pore diameter distribution were calculated using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) models, respectively, based on the adsorption isotherm. The FTIR spectra of P-CLEAS-Si were obtained using a NEXUS870 infrared spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet Corporation, Madison, WI) using the standard KBr disk method.
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7

Characterizing f-MWNT Length Distribution

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The samples of the f-MWNTs were dispersed by sonication in de-ionized water at 1 mg/ml, deposited onto a carbon-coated copper TEM grid and dried. Samples were then imaged on a Philips CM 120 Bio-Twin with an accelerating voltage of 120 KV. The lengths of 100 individualized f-MWNTs from the TEM images were measured using ImageJ software (National Institute of Health, USA). Results are presented as Box plot graph and the descriptive analysis of length distribution.
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8

Isolation of Small Extracellular Vesicles from T-47D Cells

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Before isolation of sEVs, T-47D cells were washed with serum-free medium and grown for 24 h without serum before the medium was harvested and filtered through a 0.8 µm Minisart filter (Sartorius AG, Goettingen, Germany). sEVs were extracted using membrane affinity spin columns provided by exoEasy maxi kit (QIAGEN, Manchester, UK), according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer.
The isolation protocol was verified by scanning the sEV eluate using a Philips CM 120 Bio Twin at the Electron Microscopic Laboratorium, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo.
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9

Nanoparticle Imaging via Transmission Electron Microscopy

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The nanoparticles were applied onto a 300-mesh copper grid coated with a Formvar/carbon support film (Agar Scientific, Stansted, UK) and processed as previously described.21 (link) The samples were negatively stained with 1% uranyl acetate for 2–3 s before blotting with filter paper and air drying. Imaging was performed with a Philips CM120 BioTwin transmission electron microscope and operated at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV. Images were captured using an AMT 5MP digital TEM camera (Deben UK, Suffolk, UK).
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10

Transmission Electron Microscopy of K. pneumoniae

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Approximately
108 cfu/mL
of K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 midlog
phase culture were treated with probe (1) at 0.5×
and 5× MIC for 1 h. For transmission electron microscopy, the
cells were fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in 100 mM phosphate buffer
(pH 7.5) for 1 h. The cells were rinsed three times in 100 mM phosphate
buffer (pH 7.5) for 10 min, and then dehydrated in increasing concentrations
of ethanol. The cells were infiltrated with increasing concentrations
of LR white resin in ethanol consisting of 25, 50, 75, and 100% (w/v)
resin for 6 h per step. After a second change of 100% (w/v) resin,
cells were embedded in fresh resin in gelatin capsules and allowed
to gently sink to the bottom to form a loose pellet. The gelatin capsules
were capped to exclude air and the resin polymerized in an oven at
60 °C for 24 h. The embedded cells in blocks were sectioned using
a diamond knife on a Leica Ultracut R microtome and ultrathin sections
of 90 nm were collected onto pioloform-coated 100 mesh hexagonal copper
grids. Grid sections were sequentially stained with saturated uranyl
acetate for 10 min and Triple Lead Stain for 5 min.21 Cells were viewed in a Phillips CM120 Biotwin transmission
electron microscope at 120 kV. Images were captured with a GatanMultiskan
600 CW digital camera at a resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels.
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