Skin biopsies were performed under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was performed using an initial intravenous administration of 0.2 mg/kg of butorphanol (Torbugesic, Zoetis, Malakoff, France), 3 mg/kg of ketamine (Ketamine 1000, Virbac, Carros, France) and 15 µg/kg of medetomidine (Domitor, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland). Analgesia was performed by subcutaneous injection of lidocaine (Lidor, Axience, Pantin, France) mixed with sodium bicarbonate in a 1:1 ratio into the skin surrounding the lesion. Total dose of lidocaine did not exceed 5 mg/kg. Biopsies of skin lesions were performed using a 6 mm skin punch biopsy (Skin biopsy punch 273,690, Kruuse, Langeskov, Denmark). A single cruciate suture using non-absorbable monofilament (Ethilon 3 − 0, Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey, USA) was used to suture biopsy sites. Samples were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin for 48 h and then embedded in paraffin, routinely processed, sliced at 4 μm, stained with hematoxylin-eosin-saffron and Periodic acid-Schiff and examined by light microscopy. Slides were evaluated by two European College of Veterinary Pathologists diplomates (EL and FD).
Ethilon 3 0
Manufactured by Johnson & Johnson
Sourced in United States
Ethilon 3-0 is a surgical suture made of nylon. It is designed for general soft tissue approximation and/or ligation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Torbugesic, by Zoetis (1 mentions)
Ketamine 1000, by Virbac (1 mentions)
Vicryl 3, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Marcain, by AstraZeneca (1 mentions)
1 0 polydioxanone, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
3 0 vicryl, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Vicryl, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
7 0 vicryl, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
5 protocols using ethilon 3 0
1
Skin Biopsy Protocol under Anesthesia
2
Biofilm-Coated Knee Prosthesis Implantation
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The human cadaver knee joint was disinfected and draped. A longitudinal midline incision anterior of the knee joint was made, the joint was opened in a medial parapatellar fashion to gain access to the knee, and the patella was everted laterally. Subsequently, the knee joint was placed in 90° of flexion. The distal femoral bone cuts were performed using an oscillating saw to allow accurate placement of the femoral component of the prosthesis. A biofilm-coated prosthesis (as described above) was implanted on the distal femur (Fig. 2 ). Suturing of the soft tissues was performed in a double layer technique to allow for watertight closure (Ethilon 3-0, Ethicon Somerville, NJ, USA).![]()
Image from the anterior side of the biofilm-coated prosthesis after implantation in the left knee of a human cadaver. The lateral part of the prosthesis was biofilm-coated with S. epidermidis, whereas the medial part was essentially sterile
3
Standardized Surgical Repair Protocol for ATR
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The surgical ATR repair was performed by the surgeon scheduled on the day of surgery, and neither surgeon nor patient could influence these conditions. The study protocols in the RCTs included standardized anesthetic and surgical techniques.6 (link),24 (link)
Before surgery, local anesthetics with adrenaline was injected into the skin and peritendinous space. A longitudinal 5- to 10-cm incision was made in the dorsomedial part of the lower calf, followed by a midline incision in fascia cruris and paratenon. The tendon ends were then sewn together using a modified Kessler suture with two 1-0 polydioxanone (PDS II) sutures (Ethicon). The paratenon and fascia cruris were closed using Vicryl 3-0 (Ethicon) and the skin was closed using Ethilon 3-0 (Ethicon) single-interrupted sutures. No anti-inflammatory or thromboprophylactic drugs were given postoperatively.6 (link),24 (link)
Duration of surgery started when the scalpel was introduced to the skin and ended when the incision was closed.
To ensure that the protocol of the standardized surgery was followed, a review of the surgical reports was performed. It was recorded in the medical records whether the surgeon reported using 2 PDS II sutures, closing the fascia cruris, and closing the paratenon.
Before surgery, local anesthetics with adrenaline was injected into the skin and peritendinous space. A longitudinal 5- to 10-cm incision was made in the dorsomedial part of the lower calf, followed by a midline incision in fascia cruris and paratenon. The tendon ends were then sewn together using a modified Kessler suture with two 1-0 polydioxanone (PDS II) sutures (Ethicon). The paratenon and fascia cruris were closed using Vicryl 3-0 (Ethicon) and the skin was closed using Ethilon 3-0 (Ethicon) single-interrupted sutures. No anti-inflammatory or thromboprophylactic drugs were given postoperatively.6 (link),24 (link)
Duration of surgery started when the scalpel was introduced to the skin and ended when the incision was closed.
To ensure that the protocol of the standardized surgery was followed, a review of the surgical reports was performed. It was recorded in the medical records whether the surgeon reported using 2 PDS II sutures, closing the fascia cruris, and closing the paratenon.
4
Surgical Repair of Achilles Tendon Rupture
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Local anesthetic was administered (20 ml of Marcain® and adrenalin 5 mg/ml, AstraZeneca, London, UK) in the dermis, subcutis and peritendinous space prior to surgery. The patients were then placed in prone position and a medial incision was made through the skin, fascia cruris and paratenon. The rupture was located by the surgeon and a 10 mm Achilles tendon biopsy was taken from the ruptured area, another 10 mm biopsy was taken 3-4 cm away from the rupture side as a control, from a visibly intact tendon area.
A modified Kessler suture with two 1–0 polydioxanone (Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey, USA) sutures, was used to bring the tendon ends together. The paratenon and fascia cruris were then closed with 3–0 Vicryl (Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey, USA) and the skin was sutured with 3–0 Ethilon (Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey, USA). The same anesthetic and surgical techniques were used for all patient using a predefined study protocol.
A modified Kessler suture with two 1–0 polydioxanone (Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey, USA) sutures, was used to bring the tendon ends together. The paratenon and fascia cruris were then closed with 3–0 Vicryl (Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey, USA) and the skin was sutured with 3–0 Ethilon (Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey, USA). The same anesthetic and surgical techniques were used for all patient using a predefined study protocol.
5
Nerve Regeneration with PRP-Loaded NGC
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This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Inha University Hospital (INHA 18 0503-560) and animal care and experiments were performed in accordance with established institutional animal ethics committee regulations. Twenty-two female New Zealand white rabbits about 2 kg at 12 weeks of age were randomly assigned to a non-loaded NGC group (n = 10) or a PRP-loaded NGC tube group (n = 12). The right RLNs of rabbits were preserved as normal controls, but the left RLNs were resected and interposed with an NGC (Fig. 1e ). Preoperatively, animals were anesthetized with 5 mg/kg subcutaneous xylazine, and immediately prior to surgery, an intramuscular injection of 15 mg/kg zolazepam was administered. In each case, a cervical vertical incision was used to expose the left RLN, which was then dissected circumferentially (Fig. 1f, g ). A 10-mm length was resected. An NGC was interposed between the proximal and distal nerve endings and attached using junction sutures (7-0 Vicryl; Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA). A total of 10 rabbits underwent non-loaded NGC tube interposition and 12 rabbits underwent PRP-loaded NGC tube interposition. After implantation, the strap muscles were closed with a 4-0 Vicryl suture, and the skin was closed with 3-0 Ethilon (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ).
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