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5 protocols using vdac2

1

Mitochondrial Protein Expression Analysis

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As recently described in [17 ], we loaded equal concentrations of lysed tissue in 4–20% Tris-glycine gels (Bio-Rad). We carried out electrophoresis for 120 min at 90 V, then transfer onto nitrocellulose membranes for 80 min at 90 V. Membranes were blocked using 5% blocker solution (Bio-Rad), then probed overnight at 4°C using primary antibodies for the following targets: VDAC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc390996), VDAC2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 9412s), VDAC3 (LifeSpan BioSciences, LS®C80113), cyclophilin D (Thermo Fisher, 455900), GPX4 (Abcam, ab125066) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, 97166S). Ponceau staining was also used to determine total protein quantities. Visualization was done on an Odyssey CLx system using IRDye secondary antibodies (LI-COR, 926–32211 and 926–68070).
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2

Purification and Characterization of GHTT from Bidens pilosa

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Most of the chemical reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, buffers, and electrophoresis apparatus (Multiphor II and Protean IEF cell) were from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA) and Amersham Biosciences (Denmark). SYPRO Ruby Protein Gel Stain was from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Trypsin (sequencing grade, modified) was from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). All other chemicals and solvents used in this study were of reagent grade or HPLC grade. GHTT was isolated from B. pilosa and structurally elucidated as published [10 (link)]. Briefly, the whole fresh plant was crushed and mixed with 10-fold volumes (L/kg) of 70% ethanol at room temperature. This crude extract was subsequently partitioned with ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butanol (BuOH), each with the same volume of water for 3 repeats. GHTT was purified from the BuOH fraction and used for this study. Antibodies against PARK7, VDAC2, LMNB1, NDUA5, and PRDX3 were purchased from Cell Signaling and/or Proteintech.
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3

Apoptosis Pathway Antibody Study

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Antibodies used were to ACTIN (AC-15, Sigma #A1978), MCL-1 (Rockland #600-401-394S), BAX (N-20 Santa Cruz Biotechnology #sc-493), BAK1 (aa23-38, #B5897 Sigma), BCL-2 (#610539, BD Biosciences), Cytochrome c (#556433, BD Biosciences), VDAC2 (M.T. Ryan, Monash University), Cleaved CASP3 (#9661, Cell Signaling Technology), Cleaved CASP-9 (#9509, Cell Signaling Technology), PUMA (#ab9645, Abcam), VDAC1(Abcam, ab15895), Rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against amino acids 19–32 of mBOK (gift from Francine Ke, WEHI22 (link)), BID (BD Biosciences, #559681), BCLXL (#2764, Cell Signaling Technology), BIM, APAF1, BMF, and CASP9 are from in house (L. O’Reilly, WEHI).
BH3-mimetic ABT737 and venetoclax (ABT199) were obtained from Selleck (Houston, TX). The pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH was purchased from MP Biomedicals Cat#03OPH109. IDN-6556 was purchased from MedChem Express LLC. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) was synthesized by TetraLogic Pharmaceuticals. Doxycycline and dexamethasone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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4

Apoptosis Pathway Protein Analysis

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Reagents were obtained as follows: glutathione (GSH)-agarose from Thermo Scientific, Ni2+-NTA-agarose from Novagen, navitoclax and venetoclax from ChemieTek, A1210477 from Active Biochem, digitonin from Sigma-Aldrich, and obatoclax from Selleck Chemicals. BAK BH3 and BIM BH3 peptides were produced by solid-phase synthesis in the Mayo Clinic Proteomics Core. All other reagents were obtained as described (Dai et al. 2011 (link), 2014 (link)).
Antibodies were from the following suppliers: murine monoclonal anti-cytochrome c from BD Biosciences; murine monoclonal anti-BCL2 from Dako; goat anti-β-Actin and rabbit anti-PUMA antibodies from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; rabbit anti-BAK, mouse anti-BAK Ab-1, and rabbit anti-VDAC1 from Millipore; mouse anti-BCLB and rabbit monoclonal anti-BCL2A1 from Abcam; and rabbit antibodies to BAX, BCLXL, BIM, MCL1, BCLW, VDAC2, HSP60, GAPDH, and GFP from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-S peptide antibody was raised as described (Hackbarth et al. 2004 (link)). Rat monoclonal anti-BID antibody was a kind gift from David Huang (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia).
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5

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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The protein was extracted using RIPA lysis solution (Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Cat # R002) and PMSF solution. The western blot was consistent with previous methods [36 (link)]. The first antibodies included VDAC2 (9412, 1: 1000, Cell signaling technology), β-actin (ab8226, 1: 1000, Abcam). The second antibody was HRP-labeled Goat anti-rabbit IgG (ab7090, 1: 8000, Abcam). The gray values of the bands were analyzed using ImageJ software.
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