Ch3 2co

d-(+)-Glucose, d-allose, d-galactose, Ag₂CO₃, L-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride, phenyl isothiocyanate, pyridine, iPrOH, MTBE, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, acarbose, dinitrosalicylic acid, ACN and MeOH HPLC grade, and n-hexane, CHCl₃, MeOH, ACN, (CH₃)₂CO and EtOAc technical grade were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Nano-pure water HPLC grade (18.2 MΩcm) was obtained from a NANO pure purification system (Barnstead/Thermolyne, Dubuque, IA, USA). Silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates, HCl and H₃PO₄ were purchased from EMD Millipore, Inc. (Darmstadt, Germany). Silica gel 60 Å 40-63 µm and AcOH glacial were purchased from VWR International LLC (West Chester, PA, Switzerland), while RP-C₁₈ Cosmosil 140 and formic acid were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc., (Kyoto, Japan) and Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA), respectively. MeOH and pyridine NMR (perdeuterated) solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA).

The titanium oxide (TiO₂) was obtained from titanium butoxide (IV) (C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and a natural extract (international patent No.PCT/IB2020/061916). The functionalization of the material required poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ((C₄H₆O₂)n, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (lactide:glycolide (75:25), Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and acetone ((CH₃)₂CO, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The releases were made in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).