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10 protocols using rneasy mini handbook

1

RNA Hybridization Analysis Protocol

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For RNA hybridization analysis, 10 d seedlings were grinded in liquid
N2, total RNA was extracted from 50 mg of grinded tissue using
TRIzol according to the manufacturers protocol (Invitrogen). RNA (10 μg) was
separated in 1.2% formaldehyde agarose gel electrophoresis according to the
protocol adapted from Rneasy Mini Handbook (QIAGEN), transferred to Hybond-N
nylon membrane (GE Healthcare) and fixed in an UV crosslinker at 70,000
microjoules/cm2. Probes were 32P radiolabeled with
α-32P dCTP (Perkin Elmer Life Science Inc.) using Klenow DNA
polymerase I according to the protocol of the manufacturer (New England
Biolabs). Membranes containing RNA were hybridized for 4 h with the probes
tested and washed with a sodium chloride solution (7.5 mM)/sodium citrate (8.75
mM). The probe was detected after 8 h of exposure in an X-Ray film (GE
Healthcare). The assayed probes were amplified by PCR reactions from DNA using
the indicated oligonucleotides, YUC4 forward 5 GGAAATTCCGGTATGGAGGT 3’ and
reverse 5’ GCTCAATTGGTCCGGTCTTA 3’.
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2

RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis from Lung Tissue

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Timing: 1–2 days

In the steps below, RNA is extracted from the lung lysate using an RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) and complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using a High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

To homogenize lung tissue completely, put the lysate prepared at the respective time points through a QIAshredder (Qiagen).

Extract RNA using the RNeasy Mini Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions (RNeasy Mini Handbook - (EN) - QIAGEN).

Measure the concentration of extracted RNA in a spectrophotometer.

Perform reverse transcription to prepare complementary DNA (cDNA) using 1.5 μg of purified RNA obtained as described above. The reaction solution composition and conditions follow the manufacturer’s protocol (Document Connect (thermofisher.com)).

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3

Total RNA Extraction from Cultured Cells

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Collection of total RNA extracts was performed following the vendor’s instructions (RNeasy Mini Handbook from QIAGEN). About 1 x 106 cells were collected, and disrupted in 350 μl of Buffer RLT from QIAGEN (RNeasy Protect Mini Kit) supplemented with 3.5 μl ß-mercaptoethanol. The suspension was homogenized, added to QIAshredder Spin Columns and centrifuged for 2 min at the highest speed. The supernatant was resuspended with 350 μl of ethanol 70% and transferred to RNeasy Mini Spin Columns. A sequence of centrifugations was performed with intermediate washing steps. Total RNA bound to the membrane was incubated with RNase-free DNase and eluted with RNase-free water according to the manufacturer´s instructions. Total RNA was quantified by using a Nanodrop 2000 device (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE). Concentration and purity of samples was verified using Eukaryote Total RNA Nano assay (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). To examine RNA integrity and DNA contamination, 1 μg of RNA was electrophoretic separated in an agarose gel. Samples were then saved at -80°C.
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4

Zebrafish Embryonic Total RNA Extraction

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Total RNA was isolated from pooled zebrafish embryos (2 petri dishes) per treatment using the Machery-Nagel (MN, Düren, Germany) NucleoSpin RNA L isolation kits. After shock-freezing with liquid nitrogen, the tissue was disrupted using a ceramic pestle and mortar. The cell homogenate was transferred to 3.6 ml lysis buffer and the following steps were done according to the NucleoSpin RNA L isolation kit instructions. The final product yielded 260 nm/280 nm ratios of 1.9–2.1, and concentrations were determined based on absorbance at 260 nm. The integrity of total RNA was confirmed by denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis according to the RNeasy Mini Handbook (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). mRNA was purified from total RNA samples and precipitated over night according to the Ambion MicroPoly(A) Purist™ Small Scale mRNA Purification Kit instructions (Huntingdon, UK).
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5

Isolation and Labeling of IKBKBAS RNA

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Total RNA was isolated from BEAS-2B and LUAD cells using RNeasy® Mini Handbook (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 3′-end-DIG-labeled IKBKBAS and β-actin probes were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). The detailed steps are similar to a previous study [53 (link)]. The sequences of DIG-labeled IKBKBAS and β-actin probes are listed in Supplementary Table 3.
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6

Worm RNA Extraction Protocol

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Before proceeding with the RNA extraction, the RNAlater was removed by centrifugation at maximum speed for 10 min at 4°C. RTL (250 µl, RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen) and 250 mg of glass beads were added to the samples. The worms were lysed using a TissueLyzer (Qiagen) at 20 Hz for 2 min and the procedure was repeated for 1 min. Samples were kept in ice whenever possible. After centrifugation of the lysed samples, the supernatants were transferred to a new RNAse-free Eppendorf tube and 1 volume of 70% ethanol was added. The procedure was then continued as described by the manufacturer (RNeasy Mini HandBook, Qiagen). The subsequent experimental steps for the qPCR analysis were performed by qStandard (UK).
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7

qRT-PCR Validation of KS Gene Expression

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To validate the results obtained via the NGS analysis of KS subjects described above, we compared gene expression in 10 KS patients and 10 normal subjects via qRT-PCR. In this step, the subjects studied in the NGS analysis were included. Once again, KS and control individuals were recruited in the study only after obtaining family and/or personal informed consent.
RNA extraction from peripheral blood leukocytes has been performed using RNeasy Mini Handbook (Qiagen Sciences, Germantown, USA), following the manufacturer's protocol.
2-ΔΔCTqRT-PCR was performed with a Light Cycler 480 software v1.5 (Roche Molecular System Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA) on KS subjects to measure gene expression and the results were compared with controls, as previously reported by Salemi et al. (2015) 26 (link).
Gene expression levels were then normalized to GAPDH level and target mean Cp (crossing point, cycle number at detection threshold) definition was used to indicate the mean normalized cycle threshold.
Distribution analysis of the expression values was performed using Shapiro - Wilk test and statistical analysis of results was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. A p value <0.05 was been considered significant.
mRNA levels of the following mitochondrial subunits have been evaluated: ATP6, ATP8, CO1, CO2, CO3, MT-ND1, MT-ND2, MT-ND3, MT-ND4, MT-ND5 and MT-ND6.
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8

Protein Extraction and Analysis for Western Blot

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Proteins for western blot were either harvested from cells lysed with NP40 Lysis Buffer (J619-500ML, Amrescor) supplemented with 0.1% PMSF Protease Inhibitor (36978, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham MA, United States) or during RNA-extraction according to the manual “Acetone Precipitation of Protein from Buffer RLT Lysates” (RNeasy Mini Handbook, Qiagen, Germany) during RNA extraction. CBX2 protein levels were visualized with an ImageQuant LAS 4000 (GE Healthcare, Life Sciences), using chemilumenescence. As a loading control, β-tubulin protein levels were analyzed.
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9

Extracting High-Quality RNA from Frozen CNS Tissue

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Frozen whole CNS tissue was shipped on dry ice to University of Vermont Cancer Center DNA Analysis Facility (Burlington, VT) for extraction. Tissue was stored at −80°C until RNA extraction. Frozen tissue was homogenized in 1 mL of Ambion® TRIzol® Reagent (LifeTech, #15596-026) using a sterile, autoclaved mortar, and pestle. RNA was extracted per the Ambion® TRIzol® protocol (LifeTech, MAN0001271) and purified using Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen #74104) per manufacturers protocol (Qiagen RNeasy Mini Handbook, 06/2012).
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10

Quantitative PCR Analysis of ENG mRNA

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Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated using Histopaque ® -1077 (Sigma ® ) and total RNA was extracted from PBMCs using RNeasy ® Mini Handbook (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA samples were stored at -20°C until use.
Reverse transcriptase was performed using iScript cDNA kit (Bio-Rad) to retrotranscribe 350ng of total RNA for either patient or control, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The resulting cDNA was amplified using iProof High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Bio-Rad) and primers (For 5' -CAACTGTGTGAGCCTGCTGT -3'; Rev 5' -TATGCCATGCTGCTGGTG -3'). These primers were specifically designed from the middle sequence of exon 12 to the end of the coding region of exon 15 in order to include intron 14. In this way, we excluded the presence of genomic DNA amplification and distinguished between the two mRNA variants coding for S-ENG or L-ENG. qPCR experiments were performed using EXPRESS One-Step SYBR® GreenER™ with Premixed ROX (Invitrogen). β-actin (ACTB) was used as reference gene.
Primers used for ENG, ACVRL1 and ACTB amplification have been described elsewhere (Zucco et al. 2014) (link).
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