Haake viscotester iq

Rheological measurements were carried out at 20 °C using a HAAKE viscotester IQ from Thermo Scientific™ (Waltham, MA, USA) with parallel plate (35 mm) geometry and a gap of about 0.5 mm. The viscosity of the uncured adhesive formulations containing different levels of bio-based and synthetic polymers was determined at a logarithmic ascendant ramp for a shear rate from 0.1 to 100 s⁻¹.

Cellulose acetate, CA (Sigma−Aldrich Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA) average Mn ~30,000 g/mol, acetyl content 39.8 wt%), and chitosan, CS (Sigma-Aldrich Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA, deacetylated chitin, low molecular weight, zero-shear viscosity measured using Haake Viscotester IQ−Thermo Fisher Scientific, at 25 °C of 1 wt% solution in 2% acetic acid is 1.73 Pa·s, degree of deacetylation, DDA = 66%, according to the method described elsewhere [43 (link),44 (link)]), were used as received. All solvents, formic acid FA (Panreac, 85% purity), acetic acid, HAc (Panreac, glacial), acetone (HPLC > 99.9%, Sigma−Aldrich Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA), N,N,dimethylformamide, and DMF (HPLC > 99.9%, Sigma−Aldrich Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as received without further purification. Chlorotrimethylsilane for the coating of dishes before film casting was from Sigma−Aldrich Merck St. Louis, MO, USA.
KCl (Sigma−Aldrich Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA), KOH (0.1 M, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), and HCl (0.1 M, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) were used for zeta potential measurements. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), lyophilized powder, ≥96 % (agarose gel electrophoresis) (Sigma−Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used for adsorption studies.