Ultra pure LPS (Escherichia coli) and Poly I:C were obtained from Invivogen (France), peptidoglycan (Bacillus subtilis) was obtained from Sigma (U.K.), and curdlan (Alcaligenes faecalis) was obtained from Wako (U.S.A). Anti-phospho Thr451-PKR was obtained from Millipore (U.K.), anti-PKR (D20) from SantaCruz (U.S.A) and anti-actin from Abcam (U.K.). The IRE1α inhibitor (4μ8c) was obtained from Tocris (U.K.), the PKR inhibitor (C16) from Calbiochem (Germany) and the PERK inhibitor (GSK PERK inhibitor-D3) from Toronto Research Chemicals (Canada). Anti-TLR4 blocking antibody, inhibitory peptides for MyD88 and TRIF were all from Invivogen (France).
Peptidoglycan bacillus subtilis
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in France
Peptidoglycan (Bacillus subtilis) is a structural component found in the cell walls of certain bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis. It is a complex molecule composed of sugar and amino acid subunits that provide structural integrity and protection to the bacterial cell.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Anti actin, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Poly 1 c, by InvivoGen (1 mentions)
Ire1α inhibitor 4μ8c, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Surfactin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fengycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ramoplanin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Daptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Staphylococcus aureus, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Iturin a, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polymyxin b, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Colistin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Micrococcus luteus, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 protocols using peptidoglycan bacillus subtilis
1
Immune Signaling Pathway Inhibitors
2
Virus Inactivation by Bacterial Components
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
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CoVs were diluted 10% (vol/vol) in solutions with final concentrations of 1 mg/ml (PG and LPS) or 100 μg/μl (CLPs) unless otherwise specified in the text. For alcohol wash experiments, samples were instead diluted 5% (vol/vol). Treated samples were then incubated for 2 h at 37°C, after which they titer was determined. The following bacterial components were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli (catalog no. L4130), peptidoglycan Bacillus subtilis (catalog no. 69554), Staphylococcus aureus (catalog no. 77140), Streptomyces species (catalog no. 79682), and Micrococcus luteus (catalog no. 53243). Peptidoglycan from Escherichia coli (PGN-EB) was purchased from InvivoGen. For each surface component, stock solutions were created by suspending the component in PBS and then stored at –20°C. The cyclic lipopeptides surfactin (catalog no. S3523), iturin A (catalog no. I1774), fengycin (catalog no. SMB00292), polymyxin B (catalog no. P1004), colistin (catalog no. C4461), ramoplanin (catalog no. R1781), and daptomycin (catalog no. D2446) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. PBS was selected as a vehicle based on solubility data from previous studies, which established that surfactin is soluble in PBS at levels well above the concentrations used here (57 (link)– (link)59 (link)).
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