The function of HMPBs-DOX/PFH as a contrast agent for dual-mode imaging was evaluated in vitro using an agar gel phantom. The gel phantom was made using 2 % agar-agar (w/v) and dissolved in deionized water. An Eppendorf tube was placed in the center of the phantom to create a hole into which the HMPBs-DOX/PFH solution was deposited. The US images and the corresponding average gray value of the ROI (region of interest) for the saline control, PFH, HMPBs-DOX, and HMPBs-DOX/PFH samples under standard B-mode and contrast-mode were investigated with MyLab 90 (Esaote, Italy) using a linear probe (5-12 MHz). After the 4 agents were exposed to HIFU using 120 W for 5 s (JC 200, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China), US B-mode and contrast-mode images were captured for each group. An “average gray scale” was analyzed using DFY (invented by the Institution of Ultrasound Imaging of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China) to quantitatively measure the captured images. In vitro PA images of the different samples were estimated using the VEVO LASR PA imaging system (VIVO 2100, FUJIFILM Visual Sonics, Inc., USA) by following the methods described above. The HMPBs-DOX/PFH and HMPBs-DOX were placed into a rubber bag and then incubated in a water bath kettle at 65 °C, and the PA intensity variation was observed using the VEVO LASR PA imaging system.
Mylab 90
Manufactured by Esaote
Sourced in Italy, Japan
The MyLab 90 is a compact and portable ultrasound system designed for general medical applications. It features a high-resolution display and advanced imaging capabilities.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
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52 protocols using mylab 90
1
Dual-mode Imaging Contrast with HMPBs-DOX/PFH
2
Comparison of Breast Ultrasound Scanners
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Five different high-resolution US scanners equipped with a linear array transducer, including Esaote Mylab 90 (Genova, Italy) with a 4-13 MHz transducer, Siemens Acuson S3000 (IL, USA) with a 4-9 MHz transducer, Philips IU22 (PA, USA) with a 3-12 MHz transducer, Philips EPIQ5 (PA, USA) with a 5-12 MHz transducer, and Mindray Resona 7T (SZ, China) with 5-14 MHz transducer were used in this study.
All lesions were examined by 7 sonographers who had over 5 years of experience in breast US scanning. Parameters were adjusted to optimize image quality, then, the grey-scale image of the longest diameter section of target lesions was documented in the JPG format for further quantification analysis.
All lesions were examined by 7 sonographers who had over 5 years of experience in breast US scanning. Parameters were adjusted to optimize image quality, then, the grey-scale image of the longest diameter section of target lesions was documented in the JPG format for further quantification analysis.
3
Characterization of DDP/PLGA-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite
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The morphology, microstructure, and composition of DDP/PLGA-Fe3O4 were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM, AMETEK, S-3700, 371027–02, EDAX, Inc., NJ, USA). Elemental analysis was performed using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS, AMETEK, S-3700, 371027–02, EDAX, Inc., NJ, USA). Solid DDP/PLGA-Fe3O4 was used as the analyzed sample. The phase-transformation process of DDP/PLGA-Fe3O4 was recorded with MyLab 90 (Esaote, Italy) using a linear array probe (5–12 MHz) in an agar gel phantom. The gel phantom was made using 2% agar-agar (w/v) dissolved in de-ionized water. An Eppendorf tube was placed in the center of the phantom to create a hole where the DDP/PLGA-Fe3O4 solution was dropped.
4
Ultrasound-Guided Renal Biopsy with Lauromacrogol
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Ultrasound examinations and renal biopsies were conducted using Mylab90 and Twice (Esaote, Genoa, and Italy). A convex array probe (CA541) with 1.0–8.0 MHz was used for conventional ultrasound examinations. The puncture frame matched with the convex array probe was used to guide the puncture. Lidocaine injection was administered before the biopsy. Kidney tissue was obtained by core biopsy using a Bard® Max-Core® Disposable Core Biopsy Instrument (#MC1616; Bard Biopsy Systems, AZ, United States ), and the ejection distance was 22 mm. A 22-gauge PAN needle, the cell biopsy needle (Gallini Medical Devices, size 22G 15 cm, Mantova, and Italy), was used to inject the lauromacrogol (lauromacrogol injection, 10 ml: 100 mg; Tianyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanxi, China), which was slowly injected at active bleeding points at a rate of about 0.2 ml/s after renal biopsy.
5
Multimodal Musculoskeletal Imaging Fusion
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This study was performed using a sonography scanner incorporating a 12-MHz linear-array probe, a magnetic field generator, a magnetic sensor, and a workstation with built-in VNS software and quasistatic UE software (Mylab 90, Esaote SpA, Italy). The sequences and parameters of MRI (Signa HDx 3.0 T, GE, USA) were as follows: Sequence 1: Ocor T1, time of echo (TE) 12.8 ms, time of repetition (TR) 660 ms, field of view (FOV) 18 cm, thickness: 4.0 mm, spacing: 1.0 mm, Matrix 320 × 192, NEX 2.00. Sequence 2: OSag T2, TE 85 ms, TR 2800 ms, FOV 16 cm, thickness: 4.0 mm, spacing: 1.0 mm, Matrix 320 × 224, NEX 2.00. Sequence 3: OAx fs T2, TE 72 ms, TR 2800 ms, FOV 16 cm, thickness: 5.0 mm, spacing: 1.0 mm, Matrix 288 × 160, NEX 4.00. Ocor fs T2, TE 75 ms, TR 2800 ms, FOV 18 cm, thickness: 4.0 mm, spacing: 1.0 mm, Matrix 320 × 192, NEX 4.00.
Before initiation of the VNS, MRI volume data were transferred to the VNS with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data. The VNS could display the sonography and MRI images simultaneously, and the two imaging modalities could be changed simultaneously.
Before initiation of the VNS, MRI volume data were transferred to the VNS with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data. The VNS could display the sonography and MRI images simultaneously, and the two imaging modalities could be changed simultaneously.
6
Ultrasound Characterization of Breast Lesions
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All 145 patients underwent US prior to surgery. All the examinations were performed by sonographers experienced in breast US with a linear array transducer (IU22, Philips, Bothell, WA, USA; and Mylab 90, Esaote, Genoa, Italy). A final assessment was made and each case was classified preoperatively based on the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) US lexicon criteria (7 (link),8 (link)). The morphology of the lesions, including size, shape, margin, internal echo pattern and posterior acoustic feature, was analyzed by two experienced investigators blinded to the study. Color Doppler US and power Doppler US were performed to evaluate the vessels within and surrounding the lesions.
7
Quantifying Contrast-Enhanced PA and US Imaging
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PA signals of four CNPs concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/mL) in 2% agarose gel phantom were firstly measured to investigate the relationship between concentrations and PA signals using the VEVO LASR PA imaging system (Vevo®LAZR, Visual Sonics, Inc., Canada), and the saline groups were used as control. The PA signals of both groups were quantitatively analyzed. In addition, the laser energy of our PA system (<30mJ) cannot lead to phase transition of CNPs after multiple tests previously, therefore, Laser Diode Controller (ADR-1085, Mid-river, China) and color Doppler ultrasound MyLab 90 (Esaote, Italy) were used for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEUS). Briefly, after exposure to the laser (808 nm, 1 W/cm2) for 10 s, four CNPs concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 mg/mL) in 2% agarose gel phantom were observed with B-mode and contrast-mode, and the saline groups were also used as control. After ultrasonic images acquisition, the images of ROI (region of interest) were quantitatively analyzed with “average gray scale” using DFY ultrasound imaging analysis software (invented by the Institution of Ultrasound Imaging of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China).
8
Ultrasound-Stimulated Nanodroplet Vaporization
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As for the ADV property in vitro, LIFU was used to stimulate the vaporization of NPs in an agarose gel phantom at 4 W, 6 W, and 8 W respectively. The B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) image of NPs were captured from 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, and 6 min. In the meantime, the post-stimulated nanodroplets were observed with an optical microscope to visualize the resultant phase-transition.
For the ADV property in vivo, orthotopic tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=3 per group) as follows: DPP-R+LIFU, DPP+LIFU, and DPP-R. After being injected with corresponding agent (5 mg/mL) for 6 h, the mice received intragastric gavage with traditional contrast agent to emerge the whole stomach area and then exposed to LIFU on midsection with the parameter of 8W for 5 min. MyLab 90 (Esaote, Italy) was used to generate the B-mode and CEUS images and the mean grayscale values of the region of interest (ROI) in vitro and vivo were obtained with DFY software.
For the ADV property in vivo, orthotopic tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=3 per group) as follows: DPP-R+LIFU, DPP+LIFU, and DPP-R. After being injected with corresponding agent (5 mg/mL) for 6 h, the mice received intragastric gavage with traditional contrast agent to emerge the whole stomach area and then exposed to LIFU on midsection with the parameter of 8W for 5 min. MyLab 90 (Esaote, Italy) was used to generate the B-mode and CEUS images and the mean grayscale values of the region of interest (ROI) in vitro and vivo were obtained with DFY software.
9
Axillary Ultrasound Diagnostic Protocol
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The AUS was routinely performed after whole-breast US by a single physician using the Logic E9 (GE Healthcare, Kretz, Zipf, Austria), IU22 (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA), Aixplorer (Supersonic Imaging, Aix-en-Provence, France), Aplio 500 (Toshiba medical system, Japan), or Mylab90 (Esaote, Genoa, Italy) equipped with a 5–14-MHz linear-array transducer.
The results of the AUS were categorized as either positive or negative. AUS was considered positive when an abnormal node with at least one of the following suspicious findings was recorded: diffuse cortical thickening of ≥3 mm; focal cortical bulge; eccentric cortical thickening; rounded hypoechoic node; complete or partial effacement of the fatty hilum; nonhilar cortical blood flow on color Doppler images; complete or partial replacement of the node with an ill-defined or irregular mass; or microcalcifications in the node. Otherwise, the AUS was considered negative.
The results of the AUS were categorized as either positive or negative. AUS was considered positive when an abnormal node with at least one of the following suspicious findings was recorded: diffuse cortical thickening of ≥3 mm; focal cortical bulge; eccentric cortical thickening; rounded hypoechoic node; complete or partial effacement of the fatty hilum; nonhilar cortical blood flow on color Doppler images; complete or partial replacement of the node with an ill-defined or irregular mass; or microcalcifications in the node. Otherwise, the AUS was considered negative.
10
Ultrasound Assessment of NAC Response
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US examinations were conducted by experienced doctors specialized in ultrasonic diagnosis. All examinations were performed with Logic E9 (GE Healthcare, Kretz, Zipf, Austria), IU22 (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA), Aixplorer (Supersonic Imaging, Aix-en-Provence, France), Aplio 500 (Toshiba medical system, Japan), and Mylab90 (Esaote, Genoa, Italy) equipped with a 5–14-MHz linear-array transducer. Patients with no signs of residual disease and parenchymal distortion in US after completing NAC in the primary tumor area were considered as US complete response (uCR). Otherwise the case was considered as non-uCR.
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