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Excalibur sport

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The Excalibur Sport is an electronically braked cycle ergometer designed for exercise testing and training. It provides accurate and reliable measurement of power output, heart rate, and other physiological parameters during cycling exercises.

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Spelling variants of this product

Excalibur (86 citations) Lode Excalibur Sport (10 citations) Excalibur Sport 925900 (8 citations) Excalibur Sport V2.0 (7 citations) Excalibur Sport Cycle Ergometer (6 citations) Excalibur Sport ergometer (4 citations) Lode Excalibur Sport Ergometer (3 citations) Excalibur Sport 2 (2 citations) Excalibur Sport PFM (2 citations)

154 protocols using excalibur sport

1

Anaerobic Power and Strength Assessment

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A 5-min warm-up was completed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport; Lode, Netherlands). The warmup included 5ˣ5 sec sprints at sub-maximal intensity during the final 2 min before moving onto the testing ergometer. The 6 s Wingate test was performed on an electronic ergometer (Excalibur Sport; Lode) using the official Wingate software (Wingate version 1.0.13; Lode, Netherlands) and recorded maximal anaerobic power output and peak power. Prior to the test, participants completed a 1 min lead-in to increase cadence from 70 to 100 revs min−1. Participants were then encouraged to pedal at maximal effort, maintaining the highest possible cadence for the full 6 s. A 5 min cool down was then performed on the cycle ergometer and a ~ 20 min rest period was awarded before commencing the isokinetic strength test. A standard error of measurement of 4–6% for peak power output for females has previously been reported (Kavaliauskas and Phillips 2016 (link)).
Pearson A.G., Alexander L., Witard O.C., Coughlin T.E., Tipton K.D, & Walshe I.H. (2020). A hypoenergetic diet with decreased protein intake does not reduce lean body mass in trained females. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 121(3), 771-781.
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2

Comprehensive Physiological Evaluation of Athletes

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All athletes had a medical examination before the event, including a physical exam, a resting electrocardiogram (ECG), a transthoracic echocardiogram, and an incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode, The Netherlands). The exercise protocol started with a warm-up period (100 W for 5 min and 150 W for 1 min) followed by a step load-increase of 25 W/min until exhaustion. None of the athletes ingested any contraceptive and their menstrual cycle was not controlled.
Barrero A., Schnell F., Carrault G., Kervio G., Matelot D., Carré F, & Le Douairon Lahaye S. (2019). Daily fatigue-recovery balance monitoring with heart rate variability in well-trained female cyclists on the Tour de France circuit. PLoS ONE, 14(3), e0213472.
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3

Anaerobic Power Assessment Protocol

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The test was also performed on a Lode Excalibur Sport cycle-ergometer, which was calibrated before the tests. The test was preceded by a 20-min warm-up, during which the participant exercised at an intensity of 40% APmax (as determined by the ITP) for 5 min, and then at 60% APmax for 15 min. A low-intensity active rest of 10 min was used after the warm-up. This was followed by 4 maximal repetitions—30 s each, during which the participant was supposed to achieve as much power as possible in the shortest time and maintain it for as long as possible. An active rest period of 90 s was used between the repetitions, during which the participant pedaled at 30 W.
The power was measured during each repetition. Maximal and mean anaerobic power measured during the best repetition (Pmax and Pmean1) and mean anaerobic power determined from all four repetitions (Pmean4) were used in the data analysis.
Hebisz P, & Hebisz R. (2021). The Effect of Polarized Training (SIT, HIIT, and ET) on Muscle Thickness and Anaerobic Power in Trained Cyclists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6547.
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4

20-Minute Cycling Power Output

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In the 20-min time trial test, the participants aimed for a highest possible mean power output (Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer). The cadence was freely chosen, and the participants controlled the power output during the whole test by using an electronic control unit that governed the electromagnetic brake on the drive wheel of the cycle ergometer (hyperbolic mode). [La-]b was measured every 5 min. The amount of water or sports drink consumed were noted during the pre-test and replicated during the post-test.
Paulsen G., Eidsheim H.Ø., Helland C., Seynnes O., Solberg P.A, & Rønnestad B.R. (2019). Eccentric cycling does not improve cycling performance in amateur cyclists. PLoS ONE, 14(1), e0208452.
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5

Incremental Cycling Test for VO2max Assessment

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In the two weeks prior to the study beginning, participants completed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion using an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer (Lode Excalibur Sport, Groningen, Netherlands) to assess V̇O2max and MAP, as has been described previously [33 (link)–35 (link)]. Individual training zones and FTP were subsequently calculated based on power output, heart rate (HR) and BLa values obtained for each incremental stage using in-house software [Automatic Data Analysis for Progressive Tests (ADAPT) v6.7, Canberra, Australia].
Woods A.L., Rice A.J., Garvican-Lewis L.A., Wallett A.M., Lundy B., Rogers M.A., Welvaert M., Halson S., McKune A, & Thompson K.G. (2018). The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists. PLoS ONE, 13(2), e0191644.
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6

Maximal Incremental Ramp Test for VO2max

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All the tests were performed at approximately the same time of the day (22–25°C, 55–65% relative humidity). The subjects were asked to avoid vigorous physical activity in the 24 h before the test and to avoid food intake in the 8 hours before reaching the laboratory. Here they were given a standardized light meal 30 min before starting the test. VO2max and ventilatory thresholds were evaluated during a ramp test performed on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode, Groningen, The Netherlands). The subjects were familiarised with the tasks and asked to perform a maximal incremental ramp test to determine the VO2max [67 (link)]. The cycle ergometer seat and handlebar positions were customised for each subject. The ergometer was operated by a metabolic cart (Quark b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) that also allowed continuous, breath-by-breath measures of gas exchange and ventilation (at the mouth) and HR. The ramp test consisted of 3 min at rest, 5 min of warm-up exercise at 50 W, followed by a continuous increase in the workload by 15-20 W per minute until voluntary exhaustion. The accepted criteria for maximal effort were: respiratory exchange ratio >1.1 and heart rate (HR) >90% of the predicted maximum based on age.
Calabria E., Mazza E.M., Dyar K.A., Pogliaghi S., Bruseghini P., Morandi C., Salvagno G.L., Gelati M., Guidi G.C., Bicciato S., Schiaffino S., Schena F, & Capelli C. (2016). Aging: a portrait from gene expression profile in blood cells. Aging (Albany NY), 8(8), 1802-1817.
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7

Comprehensive Physical Assessment for Exercise Trials

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Descriptive data was obtained before completion of exercise trials to assess height (Seca 213 Statiometer, United Kingdom), weight (Befour PS-660 ST Digital Scale, Saukville, WI), body composition, and aerobic capacity. Body composition was determined through hydrodensitometry using correction factors for estimated residual lung volume and gastrointestinal air volume [50 (link)]. Body density was used to estimate percent body fat using the Siri equation [47 (link)]. Participants then performed a graded exercise test on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode, Groningen, Netherlands). Expired gases were analyzed every 15 sec using a flow and gas calibrated metabolic cart (ParvoMedics, TrueOne Metabolic System, Sandy, Utah) to evaluate peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). The cycling protocol started at 95 W, increased by 35 W every 3 min and was performed until volitional exhaustion. Maximum workload (Wmax) was calculated by taking the time completed in the last stage divided by the total stage duration (3 min) multiplied by 35 Watts and added to the watts of the last completed stage. The highest VO2 achieved was recorded using the metabolic cart. Maximum power output (W max) achieved during VO2 peak testing was used to determine workload for experimental trials. See Table 2 for subject characteristics.
Opichka M., Shute R., Marshall K, & Slivka D. (2019). EFFECTS OF EXERCISE IN A COLD ENVIRONMENT ON GENE EXPRESSION FOR MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS AND MITOPHAGY. Cryobiology, 90, 47-53.
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8

Maximal Oxygen Uptake Evaluation Protocol

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The procedure has been described previously [10 (link)], and only the main procedures are given below. V· O2max was evaluated on an electro-magnetically braked cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode, Groningen, The Netherlands). The ramp incremental test consisted of 3 min at rest and 3 min at 30 W followed by a continuous increment of the workload by 10–15 watts/min, depending on the prospective training status of each subject, until voluntary exhaustion. The incremental test was followed by a verification phase to exhaustion [34 (link)]. Expired gases were continuously collected for the determination of gas exchange on a breath-by-breath basis (Quark b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Each test was preceded by a warm-up of 12 min (4 min at 30 W, 4 min at 45 W, 4 min at 60 W). The exercise protocol was performed at a room temperature of 18–20 °C. Subjects were instructed to refrain from strenuous physical activity for the 24 h before and from intake of caffeinated beverages on the day of the test session.
Bruseghini P., Tam E., Calabria E., Milanese C., Capelli C, & Galvani C. (2020). High Intensity Interval Training Does Not Have Compensatory Effects on Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 1083.
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9

Graded Exercise Testing for Cardiopulmonary Evaluation

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Exercise testing was performed on an electrically braked cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode, Groningen, Netherlands) at a cadence of 60 rpm. Subjects first completed a graded exercise test (GXT) to failure to determine their ventilatory threshold (Tvent), V˙O2peak and peak heart rate. The GXT protocol consisted of a 3 min rest period, an initial power output of 40 W for 3 min, and then stepwise increases in power of 20 W (females) or 30 W (males) each 3 min until task failure (Egaña et al. 2007). Tvent was determined using the V‐slope method and V˙O2peak was the highest mean V˙O2 recorded from consecutive 30 sec intervals during the test (Green and Askew 2018). We acknowledge that the use of the V‐slope method applied to incremental tests might overestimate Tvent in some subjects and contribute to the appearance of a slow phase in the dynamic response during ‘moderate’ exercise (see below). Gas exchange variables were measured breath‐by‐breath (Innocor, Innovision A/S, Odense, Denmark). Heart rate was recorded using a HR monitor (S610i, Polar Electro Oy, Finland) at 5 sec intervals.
Green S., O'Connor E., Kiely C., O'Shea D, & Egaña M. (2018). Effect of obesity on oxygen uptake and cardiovascular dynamics during whole‐body and leg exercise in adult males and females. Physiological Reports, 6(9), e13705.
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10

Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for Cyclists

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Each cyclist had a preparticipation medical evaluation with a clinical exam, a resting ECG (Mac 1600, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, United States) and an incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test performed on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode, Netherlands) with continuous ECG and blood pressure monitoring and gas exchange analysis (Case system-Power cube, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, United States). The French Cycling Federation incremental exercise protocol was used. It started with a warm-up period (100 W for 5 min and 150 W for 1 min) followed by a step load-increase of 25 W min–1 until exhaustion. This preliminary testing took place 1 week before the first stage.
Barrero A., Le Cunuder A., Carrault G., Carré F., Schnell F, & Le Douairon Lahaye S. (2020). Modeling Stress-Recovery Status Through Heart Rate Changes Along a Cycling Grand Tour. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 576308.
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