Jmp version 13

Statistical analyses were performed using JMP version 13.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, United States). The data were expressed as mean (SD) for normally distributed continuous values (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test), and median (interquartile range [IQR]) for non-normally distributed continuous variables. Demographic and clinical data were presented according to the respective distribution type. Differences between groups were determined using an unpaired t-test for normally distributed values, and the Mann–Whitney U-test and c² test, followed by Fisher’s exact test, for clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, and handgrip strength.
Correlation coefficients were analyzed to establish the association with MCI, while multivariate linear regression analyses were used to clarify the relationship between MoCA-J scores and handgrip strength, clinical characteristics, and biochemical parameters; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Mean and standard deviations are shown for normally distributed variables and the median and interquartile range are shown for non-normally distributed variables. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Numeric, and nonparametric numeric variables were compared using the Fisher exact test, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. Inter-rater agreement for T.F. and M.H. on the presence or absence of hyperintensity on ASL and DWI data was assessed with linear kappa (κ) coefficients. Statistical analyses were conducted using JMP version 13.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA), with p < 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance.

The median and IQR were used when calculating the diagnostic agreement rate for all images. McNemar tests with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity among diagnoses made based on MV alone, MS alone, and the combination of MS and MV. Fisher’s exact tests with 95% CIs were used to compare the PPV and NPV among the three diagnostic methods. Fleiss’ kappa statistic was used to assess the diagnostic agreement between images.
Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05/3 using the Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons (MV alone vs. MS alone, MV alone vs. the combination of MS and MV, and MS alone vs. the combination of MS and MV). Fisher’s exact test was used to compare lesion characteristics between patients correctly diagnosed based on MV alone and those correctly diagnosed based on the combination of MS and MV, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. JMP version 13.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was used to perform the analyses.

Fisher’s exact probability test was used to compare data between the two groups. The mean values and standard deviations for age and tumour diameter were calculated and analysed by the t-test and F-test. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse non-parametric variables, which are expressed as median, interquartile range, and overall range. Multivariate analysis was performed for the comparison of the accurate surgical indication group and overtreatment group. In addition, multivariate analysis was performed on items that showed significant differences in univariate analysis, and the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 for both univariate and multivariate analyses. JMP version 13.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was used for statistical analyses.

Data were analyzed using JMP version 13.2, and SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute; Cary NC). Variables were analyzed using three-way analyses of variance (diet × treatment × time). Relevant pair-wise comparisons were generated using Fisher’s LSD test. For cytokine analysis, all values below the lower limit of detection (LLOD) were replaced with the LLOD/sqrt(2). Pathology scores were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Wilcoxon Rank-sum test for pairwise comparisons. All differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.

Fisher’s exact probability test was employed for comparison between the two groups. For tumour diameter and age, the F-test was performed to determine whether distributions exhibited equal variance between the two groups. If the F-test showed significance, the median, interquartile range, and overall range were calculated and analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test by tumour diameter and age. If the F-test showed no significance, the mean ± standard deviation was calculated and analysed using the t-test by tumour diameter and age. Statistical significance was set at p-value of <0.05 for both univariate and multivariate analyses. JMP version 13.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used for analysis.