Gantrez s 97

Fluconazole was purchased from the Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Eugenol was obtained from Bruno Court (Grasse, France). Chitosan (low molecular weight; 50–190 kDa), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 99+% hydrolyzed; 89–98 kDa), PEG400, and Tween 80 were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Gantrez^® S-97 (Poly-methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid; MW = 1500 Da) was purchased from Ashland Inc. (Surrey, UK). Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution was prepared from D-glucose (anhydrous) 1.0 g/L, NaCl 8.0 g/L, NaHCO₃ 0.35 g/L, Na₂HPO₄ (anhydrous) 0.04788 g/L, KCl 0.4 g/L, KH₂PO₄ (anhydrous) 0.06 g/L, MgSO₄ (anhydrous) 0.09767 g/L, and CaCl₂ dihydrate 0.185 g/L. All chemical agents were analytical reagent grade.

Gantrez^® S-97 (M_w = 1,500.000), a copolymer of methylvinylether and maleic acid polymers, was provided by Ashland (Surrey, UK). Poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG, M_w = 10,000), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, M_w = 9000–10,000, 80% hydrolyzed) and Methylene blue were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Dorset, UK). The isothiocyanate–dextran (FITC-dextran 70, M_w = 63,000−77,000) was obtained from TdB Consultancy AB (Uppsala, Sweden) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, M_w = 58,000) was obtained from Ashland (Surrey, UK). Parafilm^® M, a flexible thermoplastic sheet (127 μm thickness) made of olefin-type material was obtained from Brand GMBH (Wertheim, Germany).

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) of molecular weight 360,000 Da; poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) of molecular weight 9000–10,000 Da; poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of varying molecular weights (200–600 Da) and glycerol were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, Dorset, UK. Gantrez™ S-97, copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid (PMVE/MA), with a molecular weight of 1500,000 Da was a gift from Ashland, Kidderminster, UK. RPV base and long-acting RPV nanosuspension (RPV LA, 300 mg/ml) were supplied by Janssen Pharmaceutical, Beerse, Belgium. Biopsy punches were purchased from Stiefel, Middlesex, UK and Tissue-Tek® optimal cutting temperature medium was obtained from Sakura Thatcham, UK.

Gantrez^® S-97 (GAN) (acid form of methylvinylether and maleic anhydride copolymer) (Mw = 1.2 × 106 Da), was provided by Ashland (Tadworth, Surrey, UK). Hyabest^®(S) LF-P (sodium hyaluronate 99.9% purity, MW 250–400 kDa range) was obtained from Kewpie Corporation Fine Chemical Division (Tokyo, Japan). Methylene blue (MB) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets (unplasticised) with a thickness of 0.2 mm were obtained from Goodfellow Ltd (Cambridge, UK). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), tryptone soya broth (TSB), quarter-strength Ringer’s solution (QSRS) and Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) were obtained from Oxoid Ltd (Hampshire, UK). Proteus mirabilis ATCC 35508 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (LGC Standards, Middlesex, UK) were maintained on cryopreservative beads (Protect Bacterial Preservation System, Technical Service Consultants Ltd., UK) in 10% glycerol at −80 °C and cultivated in MHB at 37 °C when required for the microbiological assessments.

Gantrez® S-97 (Mw = 1500.000 Da), a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid polymers, was provided by Ashland (Surrey, UK). Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mw = 10,000 Da), fluorescein sodium (FS) MW 376.27 Da, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K32, MW 40,000 Da; PVP K90, MW 360,000 Da), and methylene blue were all purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Pluronic® F-127 (poloxamer 407) (MW 12500 Da), Pluronic® F-87 (poloxamer 237) (MW 7700 Da), and Pluronic® F108 (MW 14600) were purchased from BASF Chemical Company, Ludwigshafen, Germany. All other chemicals and solvents used were of pure analytical grade.

Gantrez^® S-97 (Mw = 1.2 × 10⁶ Da), a copolymer obtained from the free acid of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride polymers, was provided by Ashland (Tadworth, Surrey, UK). Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, molecular weight 10,000 Da) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Parafilm M^®, a flexible thermoplastic sheet (127 μm thickness) made of olefin-type material and used as a skin simulant for insertion studies, was obtained from BRAND GMBH (Wertheim, Germany). In order to build the MN patch, an adhesive dressing, Tegaderm™ (3M, St Paul, USA), and a pressure-responsive film, Pressurex-micro Green^® (Sensor Products Inc., Madison, USA) were used.

Gantrez^® S-97 (M_w = 1.2 × 10⁶), a copolymer obtained from the free acid of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride polymers, was provided by Ashland (Tadworth, Surrey, UK). Poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) 10,000 Da was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Poole, Dorset, UK). Parafilm M^®, a flexible thermoplastic sheet (127 μm thickness) made of olefin-type material, was used as skin simulant for insertion studies, was obtained from BRAND GMBH (Wertheim, Germany). Deka^® poly(urethane) needle testing foil was provided by Melab GmbH (Leonberg, Germany).