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Proplan cmf 3

Manufactured by Materialise
Sourced in Belgium

ProPlan CMF 3.0 is a software tool designed for 3D modeling and planning in the field of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery. The software provides advanced tools for visualizing and manipulating 3D medical images, enabling healthcare professionals to plan and simulate surgical procedures.

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10 protocols using proplan cmf 3

1

Orthognathic Surgery with Preoperative Orthodontics

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When the preoperative orthodontic treatment finished, the next section of OGS was activated. The last digital dentition model of preoperative orthodontic treatment was combined with maxillofacial CT scan (LightSpeed Ultra 16 spiral CT machine, GE Company, USA) to reconstruct the dento-maxillofacial model using ProPlan CMF 3.0 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Based on this, a virtual surgical plan was developed, and the postoperative occlusal relationship was defined according to the Invisalign simulation, as mentioned in the previous step. Then guides and splints were 3D printed.
Orthognathic surgery, including Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO), was performed according to the surgical plan. The clear aligners were removed before the operation in order to avoid obstructions in the process of seating the intraoperative splint. Splints were used to reposition the segmented maxillary and mandibular bone sections, which were subsequently fixed in a new place with titanium plates and cortical bone screws. The final splint was fixed on the maxilla, and intermaxillary elastic distraction was applied to maintain the new occlusal relationship.
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2

Virtual Surgical Planning for CMF

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All data recorded during the set-up were sent to Materialise (Malakoff, France). All cases included in this study were virtually planned using ProPlan CMF 3.0 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) by the same clinical engineer. The virtual planning was then obtained from a web meeting (Figure 2).
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3

Facial Landmark Measurement Protocol using 3D Modeling

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The maxillary and mandibular composite models were matched using bone tissue and 3D scanned tooth models, aligned into a common coordinate system, and then the facial soft-tissue model was also imported into ProPlan CMF 3.0 software (Materialise, Belgium). The measurements presented in our study were similar to those obtained using the method described by Ma, Zhigui [20 (link)]. The measurement system was described as follows: (1) The Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane was defined through the right and left orbitale (Or) and the midpoint of the bilateral porion (Po); (2) The midsagittal reference plane was defined as the plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane passing through the nasion and sella, and then adjusted through the mirror function; (3) The B, Go, Po, Pog, and Pog* points were marked on each side (Figure 2). The definitions of the measurements used in this study are listed in Table 1.
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4

Zygomatic Bone Analysis in Edentulous Cadavers

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Cone beam CT-datasets of the skulls of five fresh-frozen edentulous cadavers were obtained (Planmeca, ProMax 3D Max, Stockholm, Finland; 576 slices, voxel size 0.3 mm, FOV: 11 × 16 cm). The settings were in accordance with the clinical settings used for implant planning. A 3D model of the zygomatic bone and maxillae was created using ProPlan CMF 3.0 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) software.
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5

Evaluating Expander Volume Accuracy

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For expander volume measurement, two specifications (50 ml and 100 ml) of kidney-shaped soft tissue expanders (Jiusheng Medical Supply, Yuyao, China), which are most commonly applied in expansion auricular reconstructive surgery, were used in this study (Fig. 7).

The specifications of the two tissue expanders that are most commonly used in auricular reconstruction. Left 100 ml, right 50 ml.

Three 50 ml expanders were injected with 50 ml, 60 ml, and 70 ml of saline. Five 100 ml expanders were injected with 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 ml of saline. All eight expanders underwent computed tomography (CT) after injection (Brilliance CT 64 slice, Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH; tube voltage, 120 kVp; tube current, 220 mAs; collimation, 0.6 mm; pitch, 0.8; rotation time, 0.75 s; matrix, 512 512; and field of view, 350 mm). DICOM data were then acquired and imported to ProPlan CMF 3.0 (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium), where the injection hose and injection pots were removed manually and STL files of expanders were created. All STL files were then imported into Geomagic Wrap 2015 (3D Systems Inc., Rock Hill, USA), and the surface area of the expanders was measured automatically using the software (Fig. 8).

DICOM data of the expanders were processed in ProPlan (above), and the surface area was measured in Geomagic Wrap (below).

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6

3D Reconstruction for Alveolar Reconstruction

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Postoperative CT scans were reconstructed in three dimensions using ProPlan CMF 3.0 (Materialize, Belgium). The unaffected side of the dental arch of the maxilla was mirrored as a reference. DAR was defined as the percentage of iliac bone length overlapping the mirrored dental arch for alveolar reconstruction (Figure 2). This variable could reflect the intermaxillary relationship.
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7

Maxillectomy Reconstruction via Preoperative VSP

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In the VSP group, preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans (120 kV, 25 mAs, SW = 1.25 mm) of the head and neck region and the iliac region were performed for VSP. The aim of VSP was to precisely reconstruct the midface buttress and alveolus for later dental implantation based on the symmetry of the midface contour. Maxillectomy and reconstruction were simulated using ProPlan CMF 3.0 (Materialize, Belgium) and iPlan CMF 3.0 (BrainLab, Germany). With the concept of occlusion-driven reconstruction, the position of the iliac bone segment not only met the requirement for implantation, but also met the contour of the maxilla. A resin stereo model was three-dimensionally printed to pre-bend the titanium plate. A surgical guide was used for DCIA flap harvesting and shaping (Figure 1). Maxillectomy was performed under guidance of the navigation system. After DCIA flap fixation, the location of bone grafts was also confirmed by the navigation system. In both groups, the titanium mesh was the first choice for orbital floor reconstruction.
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8

CBCT Imaging for Surgical Outcome Evaluation

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CBCT images were obtained with a NewTom scanner (Imaging Science International, Hatfield, PA, Italy) using a 200–400-mm field of view, 120 kVp, and 47.7 mA, resulting in a 0.4-mm voxel size. All patients received CBCT before (T1) and 6 months after (T2) surgery, during which the lips were in a relaxed position. The CBCT images were converted to DICOM 3.0 files and evaluated with the use of ProPlan CMF 3.0 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The thresholds were defined as 226 to 3071 Hu for hard tissues and 700 to 225 Hu for soft tissues.
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9

Computer-Aided Orthognathic Surgery Protocol

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The preoperative CBCT data in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format was imported into ProPlan CMF 3.0 (Materialise Corporation, Belgium) for 3D reconstruction, and the dentition was replaced by the intraoral dental scanning through superimposition. The 3D model was segmented and the segments were repositioned, setting up the new occlusion as a simulation of surgery. Then the digital surgical splints were designed and 3D printed. The median splint was for the guidance the repositioning of segmented maxilla and the final splint would decide the final position of the mandible. Surgery involved segmental LeFort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO), mandibular anterior subapical osteotomy and genioplasty. Maxillary and mandibular rigid internal fixation was performed using titanium plates and screws. Skeletal anchorage was also placed for postoperative elastic traction.
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10

Image Fusion for Navigated Orthognathic Surgery

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Following image fusion, the datasets were imported into a virtual surgical planning software (ProPlan CMF 3.0; Materialise, Belgium) for planning of osteotomy planes. The preoperative plan was designed under the cooperation of a well-experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon and an experienced biomedical engineer. For each osteotomy plane, two reference points were marked manually (Figure 2). The virtual surgical plan was exported in STL format into the navigation workstation (VectorVision, Brainlab, Germany) for intraoperative navigation.
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