Biomass yield was determined by measuring the corresponding percentage packed biomass volume (PMV %), as obtained after centrifugation of a 6-ml culture sample at 4000 rcf, for 10 min, at 4 °C. Glucose concentration in the medium was evaluated by using a GM8 MicroStat analyzer (Analox) and the appropriate reagent, following manufacturer’s instructions. The pH value of the medium was measured using a 1-ml sample of spent medium and a Mettler-Toledo FiveGo pH-meter. The presence of NAI-107 congeners in the extracts was verified by LC-MS analysis and by microbiological assays as previously described [58 (link)]. Ammonia and Pi content in the medium was spectrophotometrically determined by Nessler reagent [67 (link)] and ammonium molybdate method [68 (link)], respectively. The Po content was measured as the increment of medium Pi content due to acid-hydrolysable phosphate released from organic sources after a treatment of spent medium aliquots with 5.25 N H2SO4 (1:12.5 v/v) in boiling water bath (30 min.) and subsequent neutralization with 5 N NaOH (1:10 v/v).
Fivego ph meter
Manufactured by Mettler Toledo
Sourced in Switzerland
The FiveGo pH meter is a portable, easy-to-use device designed for measuring pH and temperature. It features a large, backlit display and intuitive user interface. The device is powered by a rechargeable battery and is suitable for a variety of applications.
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5 protocols using fivego ph meter
1
Quantification of Biomass and Metabolites
2
Characterization of Electrospun Drug Patches
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The morphology
of the different electrospun patches was analyzed using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). The samples were gold-sputtered and imaged using
Tescan Vega3 LMU SEM (U.K.) with a high accelerating voltage of 15
kV. The fiber diameters were subsequently measured from the SEM images
for the non-drug-loaded and drug-loaded patches (n = 3 patches for each condition, ∼35 fiber measurements per
image) using the ImageJ software (National Institute of Health).23 (link) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was
applied using a Pyris 1 calorimeter (PerkinElmer) to determine the
temperature transitions of the drug- and non-drug-containing electrospun
patches. Electrospun patches (5–9 mg), lidocaine HCl or lidocaine
base powders (∼3 mg) were weighed and placed in 50 μL
aluminum pans, and aluminum lids crimped on top. Patches or powders
were heated from 25 to 200 °C at 10 °C min–1. The pH was measured after fully dissolving the different electrospun
patches (n = 3 patches for each condition, 110 ±
4 mg; mean ± standard deviation (SD)) in 10 mL of deionized water
using a FiveGo pH meter (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) at 20.5 °C.
of the different electrospun patches was analyzed using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). The samples were gold-sputtered and imaged using
Tescan Vega3 LMU SEM (U.K.) with a high accelerating voltage of 15
kV. The fiber diameters were subsequently measured from the SEM images
for the non-drug-loaded and drug-loaded patches (n = 3 patches for each condition, ∼35 fiber measurements per
image) using the ImageJ software (National Institute of Health).23 (link) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was
applied using a Pyris 1 calorimeter (PerkinElmer) to determine the
temperature transitions of the drug- and non-drug-containing electrospun
patches. Electrospun patches (5–9 mg), lidocaine HCl or lidocaine
base powders (∼3 mg) were weighed and placed in 50 μL
aluminum pans, and aluminum lids crimped on top. Patches or powders
were heated from 25 to 200 °C at 10 °C min–1. The pH was measured after fully dissolving the different electrospun
patches (n = 3 patches for each condition, 110 ±
4 mg; mean ± standard deviation (SD)) in 10 mL of deionized water
using a FiveGo pH meter (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) at 20.5 °C.
3
Characterization of Mn8Fe4 Nanoparticles
4
Quantifying Faecal Short-chain Fatty Acids
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Faecal samples were pooled, homogenised and analysed in triplicate as previously described.
20 (link),
25 (link) Briefly, thawed stool samples were spiked with three times the volume of internal standard (1.68 mM heptanoic acid); homogenised and centrifuged (2000g , 10 min, 4°C) with 300 μL of supernatant added to 0.2 μm filter vials containing 10 μL 1 M phosphoric acid. The vials were analysed for SCFA and branched‐chain fatty acids (BCFA) concentrations using an Agilent GC6890 (Agilent Technologies Australia; Australia) coupled to a flame‐ionisation detector. Analyses were conducted in triplicate. A coefficient of variation <15% was taken as a valid result. Faecal pH was measured with a calibrated pH probe (Five‐Go pH meter, Mettler‐Toledo) with the sample warmed to 25°C.
20 (link),
25 (link) Briefly, thawed stool samples were spiked with three times the volume of internal standard (1.68 mM heptanoic acid); homogenised and centrifuged (2000
5
pH Measurement of ORC in Culture
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The pH measurement with increasing amounts of the different ORC was carried out in culture medium containing 44 mmol/L sodium bicarbonate with the FiveGo pH meter (Mettler Toledo, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland) at room temperature.
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