4 5 7 trihydroxyflavanone

The chemicals and reagents and their suppliers were as follows: glucose, sucrose (Chem-Supply Pty Ltd., St. Gillman, SA, Australia), fructose, maltose, aniline, vanillin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), boric acid (Pharma Scope, Welshpool, WA, Australia), 4,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (Alfa Aesar, England, UK), DPPH* (Fluka AG, Buchs SG, Switzerland), gallic acid, diphenylamine, phosphoric acid (Ajax Finechem Pvt Ltd., Sydney, Australia), anhydrous magnesium sulphate (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain) and Folin and Ciocalteu’s Phenol Reagent 2N (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
The solvents and their suppliers were as follows: methanol (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain), 1-butanol (Chem-Supply Pty Ltd., St. Gillman, SA, Australia), 2-propanol (Asia Pacific Specialty Chemicals Ltd., Sydney, Australia), dichloromethane (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), toluene (APS Chemicals, Sydney, Australia), ethanol, ethyl acetate and formic acid (Ajax Finechem Pvt Ltd., Sydney, Australia).
The commercial honeys (Table 6) were obtained from beekeepers and supermarkets in Western Australia. An artificial honey was prepared as the comparator honey (see Section 3.3.2).

4,5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone was obtained from Alfa Aesar, England, UK; Anhydrous sodium sulphate and dichloromethane were purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Spectra/Por^® Dialysis Membrane (molecular weight cut-off (MWCO): 3500 Da) was sourced from Repligen, Waltham, MA, USA. Methanol, toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid were obtained from Ajax Finechem Pvt Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia. NaCl and KCl were sourced from ChemSupply Pty Ltd., Gillman, South Australia and Na₂HPO₄ and KH₂PO₄ were purchased from Ajax Finechem, New South Wales, Australia. Blu Tack^© was obtained from Officeworks, Perth, Australia.

Reagents were sourced from: 4,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone (Alfa Aesar, Lancashire, UK), gallic acid (Ajax Chemicals Ltd., Sydney, Australia), DPPH* (Fluka AG, Buchs SG, Switzerland), and anhydrous sodium sulfate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Solvents were purchased from: Methanol (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain), dichloromethane (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), toluene (APS Chemicals, Sydney, Australia), vanillin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), ethyl acetate, and formic acid (Ajax Finechem Pvt Ltd., Sydney, Australia). Commercial honeys (Table 1) were obtained from supermarkets and honey suppliers in Western Australia. Where possible, the honey’s floral source was derived from the label, and no further authentication was carried out.