Poloxamer 407 pluronic f127

Rifaximin (RFX, purity ≥ 98%, molecular weight: 785.9 g/mol, pKa: 6.77) was obtained from Clarochem Ireland Ltd. (Dublin, Ireland). Lacprodan^® BLG Pharma Grade (BLG) was obtained from Arla Foods Ingredients (Viby, Denmark). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS, AQUAOT^®, HF grade) was obtained from Shin-Etsu (Tokyo, Japan). The methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate co-polymer Eudragit^® L100 (EudL) was obtained from Evonik Röhm GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic^® F127) and ammonium formate (≥99.995%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (HPLC grade), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), and ethanol (absolute, >99.7%) came from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA). Water was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q Ultra Pure water purification system (Billerica, MA, USA).

TO containing 12.3% ar-turmerone was purchased from Thai-China Flavours and Fragrances Industry (Nonthaburi, Thailand). Standard ar-turmerone was provided by the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University (Bangkok, Thailand). Chitosan (CS, MW = 63 kDa, 91.74% DD) was supplied by Marine Bio-Resources, Co., Ltd. (Samut Sakorn, Thailand). Sodium Alg (medium viscosity, A2033) and poloxamer 407 (Pluronic^® F-127) were purchased from Sigma-Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). FA and N,N’-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was supplied from AK Scientific Inc. (Union City, CA, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, and diethyl ether were purchased from Burdick & Jackson Inc. (Muskegon, MI, USA). Acetonitrile was purchased from RCI Labscan Co., Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). Triethanolamine was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Absolute ethanol, glacial acetic acid, calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and other chemicals were purchased from Carlo Erba (Val de Reuil, France).

β-ST, hyaluronic acid, and Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F-127) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Glyceryl monooleate (GMO) received as a gift from Masterowin Pharmaceuticals, India. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) –K 30 was purchased from Spectrum Chemical, USA. Methanol and acetonitrile were bought from Merck, India. Distilled water was obtained from an inner source. All other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.

CLT was purchased from Pol-Aura (Różanowo, Poland). Castor oil was supplied from Microfarm (Zabierzów, Poland). Rapeseed oil was purchased from Bunge Polska Sp. z o.o. (Kruszwica, Poland). In addition, 90% Lactic acid, Poloxamer 188 (Pluronic F-68) was purchased from Pol-Aura (Różanowo, Poland). Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F-127), poly(ethylene glycol) 200 (PEG200), sorbitan monooleate (Span 80), and polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA or Steinheim, Germany). Propylene glycol was supplied by Firma Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland).
Acetonitrile for HPLC (ACN) was purchased from S.Witko (Łódź, Poland). Acetone, methanol, and potassium phosphate monobasic (KH₂PO₄) were obtained from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Isopropanol was purchased from Pol-Aura (Różanowo, Poland). Milli-Q water (<0.05 µS/cm), used in batches manufacturing and all experiments, was self-produced from Hydrolab Ultra UV (Hydrolab Sp z o.o., Straszyn, Poland). All the chemicals and reagents used in this study were analytical grade.
Market reference, i.e., 1% CLT cream, MycoHydralin (Bayer Healthcare, Loos, France), was purchased in a local retail pharmacy in France.

After overnight fasting, Ldlr^−/− mice fed Western diet without finasteride or the same diet containing 1000 mg/kg of finasteride for 12 weeks were injected with 1,000 mg/kg pluronic F127 poloxamer-407 (Sigma-Aldrich) to inhibit lipoprotein clearance from plasma (22 (link), 30 (link)). Blood samples were collected every hour from the tail for four hours to determine the triglyceride secretion rate using commercially available kits (FUJIFILM Wako Diagnostics). As done in the past (31 (link)), we represented secretion rate as the average of the slope referred to the mice fed Western diet without finasteride.