Atg5 d5f5u

Olaparib (Selleckchem, AZD2281), rapamycin (LKT Labs, 53123-88-9), and bafilomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, 88899-55-2) were used. The following antibodies were used for the study: Beta-Actin (AC14) (abcam, AB6276, 1:20000 dilution); Atg16L1 (D6D5) (Cell Signaling, 8089 T, 1:1000 dilution); Atg5 (D5F5U) (Cell Signaling, 12994 S, 1:1000 dilution); Atg12 (D88H11) (Cell Signaling, 4180 S, 1:1000 dilution); Beclin-1 (D40C5) (Cell Signaling, 3495 S, 1:1000 dilution); Atg7 (D12B11) (Cell Signaling, 8558 S, 1:1000 dilution); β-Tubulin (D2N5G) (Cell Signaling, 15115 S, 1:1000 dilution); Filamin A (Cell Signaling, 4762 S, 1:1000 dilution); SP1 (Sigma, PLA0307, 1:5000 dilution); anti-phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) (Sigma-Aldrich, JBW301, 1:2000 dilution); LC3 A/B (D3U4C) (Cell Signaling, 12741 S, 1:750 dilution); phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) (D9C2) (Cell Signaling, 5536 T, 1:1000 dilution); SQSTM1/p62 (Cell Signaling, 5114 T, 1:1000 dilution) and (abcam, ab56416, 1:100 dilution); Rad51 (114B4) (abcam, ab213, 1:750 dilution) and BRCA1 (Sigma Millipore, 07-434, 1:1000 dilution), PARP1 (proteintech, 66250, 1:650 dilution) and PAR/pADR (R&D systems, 4335-MC-100, 1:1000 dilution).

Chloroquine (CQ), staurosporine (STP), E64 and cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II), cisPt) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Dextran fluorescein 40,000 MW and DAPI (4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY). The pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK was purchased from ApexBio Technology (Houston, TX). The primary antibodies used in this study includes the following: caspase 3 (3G2), LC3 A/B, ATG5 (D5F5U) and p53 (1C12) from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA), cathepsin D (H-75) and Bax (N-20) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA), LAMP-1 (H4A3) from Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank at the University of Iowa, BAK from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA), and α-Tubulin Ab2 (clone DM1A) from Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL). The secondary antibodies, horseradish peroxidase conjugated anti-rabbit and anti-mouse, were both from GE Healthcare (Pittsburgh, PA). ECL2 was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL).