Glyceryl monostearate

Bimatoprost was obtained from Dr. Pradeep Reddy Laboratories (Hyderabad, India). Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate and benzalkonium chloride were procured from Loba Chemie (Mumbai, India).

ACE was supplied as a gift sample from Ipca Laboratories, Mumbai, India. Lipids such as glyceryl monostearate (GMS), stearic acid (SA), and cetyl alcohol (CA) were purchased from Loba Chemie Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India. Mkt-gel (1.5%) of ACE was procured from a local medical store. Liquid lipid Transcutol, Labrafac, and Labrasol were supplied by Gattefossé, France. Phospholipon S 100 was supplied as a gift sample by Sasol, Germany. Poloxamer (Pluronic F-68) was obtained as a gift sample from BASF, Mumbai, India. All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade, and solvents used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were of HPLC grade unless otherwise specified.

Raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) was provided by Aarti Drugs Ltd. (New Delhi, India) while naringin hydrate (NRG) and KBr were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Labrasol^®, Labrafac^®, Precirol ATO5^®, Transutol^®, Labrafil^®, Caproyl 90^®, Capmul MCM^®, Gelucire 50/13^®, Gelucire 48/16^®, and Compritol 888 ATO^® were generously provided by Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Soyabean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, corn oil, glyceryl monostearate, and sunflower oil were purchased from Loba Chemie (Chennai, India). Methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl oleate, PEG 400, Tween 80^®, D-mannitol, methylene chloride, and hydrochloric acid were received from Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd. (Chennai, India). Almond oil, olive oil, castor oil, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from SRL Pvt. Ltd. (Chennai, India). Oleic acid, rhodamine B, and stearic acid were received from Sigma-Aldrich (New Delhi, India). The other materials utilized in this work were of standard analytical quality and used as received from their commercial source.