Sodium bromide

Food-grade κCar (gel strength ≥ 1300 g/cm², ash content 15–25%, and moisture content ≤ 12%) was obtained from Greenfresh (Fujian) Food Stuff Co., Ltd. (Fujian, China). MAH was purchased from Vertellus (Shanghai, China) Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, anhydrous ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, and sodium bromide were all of analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were used as received without further purification.

All chemicals were of reagent grade and used without further purification. Palladium dichloride, hydrochloric acid, sodium bromate, sodium bromide, and activated Al₂O₃ in the form of porous pellets were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, P. R. China). Hydrogen gas (99.99%) was produced with a hydrogen generator (Shenyang Guangzheng Co., Shenyang, P. R. China).

Three crude camellia oil samples were supplied by three different Camellia oil manufacturers (named A, B, and C) of Changshan City of Zhejiang Province (Changshan, China). Bis-1,2-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (PP-3-MCPD), and bis-1,2-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol-d5 (PP-d5-3-MCPD) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, ON, Canada) at purities > 98%. Chromatography grade n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and diethyl ether were purchased from J. T. Baker^® Chemicals (Radnor, PA, USA). Chromatography grade methyl tert-butyl ether, methanol, isooctane and analytical grade sodium methoxide were purchased from Aladdin Reagent (Shanghai, China). Sodium bromide, phenylboronic acid and anhydrous sodium sulfate (used after baking at 450 °C for 4 h) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). The (n-propyl)ethylenediamine (PSA) (6 cc, 200 mg) SPE columns were obtained from Waters (Milford, MA, USA).

Apple was bought at local supermarket in Wuhan, China. Wheat gluten was bought from Huafeng Powder Industry Co., Ltd. (Henan, China). Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, dichloromethane, absolute ethyl alcohol, lithium chloride, potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, sodium bromide, potassium iodide, and sodium chloride were chemical reagents and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Talc (Mgso₃), isopropanol, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (H₂₅Na₂O₁₆P), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na2HPO4), sodium bromide (NaBr), and sodium chloride reagents were purchased from Sino Pharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (PR China). PEG 4000 was purchased from Solarbio, Shanghai, China, (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl TEMPO was purchased from Damas-beta, Shanghai, China, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was purchased from MACKLIN, Shanghai, China, and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Eudraget L 100 were purchased from Shanghai Dxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd.

The chemicals used in the experiment are all of analytical grade. Biphenyl, 4-acetylpyridine, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Saan chemical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromopentane, and 1-bromheptane were supplied by Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Beijing, China supplied sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium bromide (NaBr), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dichloromethane, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The cation exchange membrane (CM-2) and monovalent anion permselective membrane (ACS) were purchased from ASTOM, Tokuyama Soda, Japan.