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8 protocols using mhc 2 pe

1

Murine Dendritic Cell Characterization

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Female C57BL/6 mice purchased from Ji'nan Pengyue Laboratory Animal Breeding Co., Ltd. (China) were housed and maintained in the animal facilities of Weifang Medical University. Recombinant murine GM-CSF and IL-4 were purchased from R&D Systems (USA). A Fluo-4 Direct™ calcium assay kit was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (USA). ARL-67156, Bz-ATP, OX-ATP, and suramin were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (USA). A-438079, a competitive P2X7 receptor antagonist, was purchased from Santa Cruz (USA). Luminescent ATP Detection Assay kit was purchased from Abcam (USA). The endocytosis inhibitors MDC, PitS2, Dynasore, and P2X4-specific antagonist PSB-12062 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). RNAiso Plus, SYBR Premix Ex Taq II, and the PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit were obtained from Takara (China). CD11c-APC (#550261), CD11b-FITC (#553310), MHC II-PE (#558593), and F4/80-PE (#565410) and isotype control antibodies were purchased from BD Bioscience (USA). CD39-PE (#12-0391-82) was purchased from Thermo Fisher (USA). All experiments involving animals were performed in accordance with the Chinese National Laboratory Animal-Guideline for Ethical Review of Animal Welfare and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Weifang Medical University (NO. 010/2017).
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2

Tumor Dissociation and Immune Cell Profiling

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Tumours were minced and digested in 3 mL RPMI with 2% Hepes, 2% FCS, 0.5 mg/mL Collagenase D and 0.1 mg/mL DNAse 1 at + 37 °C on a shaker (enzymes from Roche). After 45 min 300 μL 0.1 M EDTA was added for 5 min to stop the reaction. Single cell suspension was then obtained by using gentleMACS C tubes with a gentleMACS Dissociator and filtering of the suspension. Cells were blocked with BD’s FC-block (Cat# 553141) 30 min on ice, stained with directly conjugated antibodies from BD (30 min on ice) and a viability dye, recorded on a LSR Fortessa flow-cytometer (BD, BioSciences) and analysed with Flowjo v10 (FlowJo LLC). The used antibodies and dyes were: Fixable Viability Dye eFluor 780 (eBioscience, Cat# 65-0865-14), CD11b FITC (BioLegend, Cat# 101206), Ly6G PerCP-Cy5.5 (BD, Cat# 560602), F4/80 APC (eBiosicence, Cat# 17-4801-82), MHCII PE (BD, Cat# 557000), Ly6C-BV421 (BD, Cat# 562727).
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3

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of Immune Cells

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Prior to flow cytometry, cells were washed in staining buffer (0.05% (w/v) BSA, 2 mM EDTA in 1× PBS) and treated with FcR blocking reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) for 10 min. Subsequently, In vitro differentiated single cell clones and Dox-pDC were stained with the following antibodies for 30 min at 4°C: CD11c-APC, MHC-I-FITC, MHC-II-PE, SiglecH-PE, CD86-PE-Cy7, CD289 (TLR9)-FITC, CD11b-V500, B220-PerCP, CD8α-APC-Cy7 (all BD Biosciences) and CD9-FITC (Thermo Fisher). T lymphocytes were stained with the following antibodies: CD3-FITC, CD4-V500, CD8α-APC-Cy7, CD44-APC and IFNγ-APC-Cy7 (all BD Biosciences); CD62L-PerCP-Cy5.5 and RORγt-PerCP-ef710 (all Thermo Fisher Scientific). Flow cytometry was performed using LSRII and FlowJo analysis software (V10; FlowJo, Ashland, USA).
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4

NLRP3 Regulates VSMC Apoptosis and Inflammation

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After culturing in serum‐free medium for 24 hours, primary VSMCs from NLRP3fl/fl or NLRP3SMC KO mice were treated with 20% CKD serum for 48 hours. Then VSMCs were collected for Annexin V/PI staining (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) to quantify VSMC apoptosis or injected intraperitoneally (105 cells per C57BL/6 mice). Twelve hours later, the peritoneal lavage fluid was collected for flow cytometry. The following fluorochrome‐conjugated antibodies were used: F4/80‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (eBioscience 11‐4801‐82, 1:50 dilution), MHC II‐PE (BD Biosciences 553566, 1:50 dilution), CD40‐PerCP Cy5.5 (Biolegend 124623, 1:50 dilution), and CD80‐PE Cy7 (Biolegend 104733, 1:50 dilution).
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5

Quantifying DC Activation Markers

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DCs (0.5 × 106) were either left unstimulated or stimulated for 24 hours with bare M278 and PPM (each at 2.5 μg/mL) or an equivalent weight of PPP as used for PPM to quantify changes in expressions of CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-I, and MHC-II as markers of differentiation and activation. DCs were washed, and Fc surface receptors were blocked for 15 minutes at 4°C using a purified mouse anti-CD16/CD32 receptor blocking antibody (BD Bioscience) diluted in fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) buffer [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 0.1% NaN3, 1.0% FBS]. DCs were washed and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD11c-APC-Cy7 (BD: 561241), MHC-I-A647 (BD: 562832) MHC-II-PE (BD: 558593), CD86-FITC (BD: 553691), CD80-PECy-7 (BD: 562504), CD40-BV421 (BD: 562846) each at 0.250 μg/100 μL. Unstimulated control cells (medium) were kept as background controls. Cells were then washed and fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA) solution for 20 minutes at 4°C. Data were acquired on a BD LSR II flow cytometer (BD Bioscience) with at least 1 × 105 events for each sample and analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star Inc., Ashland, OR, USA) [19 (link)].
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6

Quantifying Immune Cell Populations in Epididymal Fat

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The dissected epididymal fat samples were minced in DMEM with 1 mg/ml collagenase P (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) and 5% BSA. After 45 min of shaking incubation at 37 °C, any debris was filtered using nylon mesh. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was separated via centrifugation (500 g for 10 min). The SVF was washed and incubated with antibodies for further flow cytometry analysis. For the analysis of macrophage population, the SVF was stained with following antibodies: CD11b-FITC (BD 557396, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ), F4/80-Bv421 (BD 565411), CD206-APC (BD 565250), and MHC II-PE (BD 562010). For the analysis of lymphocyte population, the SVF was stained with following antibodies: CD19-APC-Cy7 (BD 561043) and CD3-PE-Cy5 (BD 561108). Samples were analyzed using a BD FACSCanto and FACSDiva software (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Data were processed with FlowJo software (Tree Star Inc. Ashland, OR).
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7

Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity Assessment

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AEAR was prepared in our lab [22 (link)]. 2014/2015 seasonal influenza virus split vaccine was purchased commercially from Shenzhen sanofi Pasteur biological products co., LTD (Shenzhen China). Goat anti-mouse peroxidase conjugates (IgG-HRP, IgG1-HRP and IgG2a-HRP) were purchased from Southern Biotech Inc. USA. Concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Escherichia coli 055:B5) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. USA. Imject Alum Adjuvant (Alum) was from Thermo Scientific Pierce USA. CD11c-FITC, CD3-PE, CD4-APC, CD8a-FITC, CD44-PE, CD25-APC, Foxp3-PE, IFN-γ-PE, IL-4-PE, CD86-PE, CD40-APC, CD80-APC, MHC-II-PE, Cytofix/Cytoperm and Perm/Wash buffer were purchased from BD Bioscience USA. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), Treg staining kit were from eBioscience USA. All the other reagents were analytically purified in China.
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8

Microglia Phenotyping by Flow Cytometry

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Isolated microglia were suspended in an incubation buffer (50 μl; 1 × PBS + 0.1%BSA) for 30 min on ice then Fc receptors blocked with anti-CD32 (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA). Fluorescent conjugated antibodies were applied on ice for 30 min in the dark to assess microglia purity (mouse anti-rat CD11b-FITC, BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA; mouse anti-rat-CD45-APC, eBioscience, San Diego, CA) and state of activation (mouse anti-rat: MHC-II-PE, CD32-PE, CD86-PE; BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA). For CD206, cells were incubated in rabbit anti-rat CD206 then donkey anti-rabbit-PE secondary antibody (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA). Following washes in PBS, cells were analyzed on an Attune Acoustic Focusing Cytometer (ABI, Carlsbad, CA) calibrated with commercially available beads prior to each run. Fluorescence spillover compensation values were generated from non-stained cell populations and single-color staining controls. Isotype controls were used to exclude the non-specific binding of antibodies. For each staining condition, 1 × 104 events were collected.
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