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Alexa 647 fluorophore

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Alexa-647 is a fluorescent dye used in various biological applications. It is a far-red fluorescent dye with an excitation maximum of 650 nm and an emission maximum of 668 nm. Alexa-647 is known for its brightness and photostability, making it a useful tool for fluorescence-based techniques.

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6 protocols using alexa 647 fluorophore

1

Immunohistochemistry of Skin Sections

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IHC of skin sections was performed with free-floating sections. Light antigen retrieval was performed in 0.1 M PB pH 7.3, 0.2% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.05% Triton X-100 for 25 min at room temperature (RT). Sections were then washed two times in PBS and incubated in blocking solution of Tris-buffered saline (TBS) with 0.05% Tween 20, 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 2% normal donkey serum (NDS) for 1 h before applying a primary antibody overnight at 4°C. The following primary antibody (diluted in the blocking solution) was used: rabbit anti-PGP9.5 (1:500, ab108986, Abcam). For detection of the primary antibody, a secondary antibody raised in donkey and conjugated with Alexa-647 fluorophore was used (1:500, Molecular Probes, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 h at RT. DAPI staining (1:2,000, Molecular Probes) was performed as the same time as the secondary antibody. Sections were then washed two times with PBS then placed on superfrost glass slides. One drop of Immu-Mount is added over the tissue sections, and a cover glass is placed over the slide.
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2

Isolation and Characterization of Idiotype-Negative B Cells

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Fluorescently labeled B220+ idiotype B cells were sorted from the spleen of a Rag−/−564Igi mouse by flow cytometry using the MoFlo sorter. Cells were stained for flow cytometry according to standard procedures. B cells were stained with B6-256 anti-Id, as described [24 (link)], which was coupled to the Alexa-647® fluorophore according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Invitrogen Molecular Probes). B cells were also stained with an anti-CD45 (B220) antibody labeled with R-Phycoerythrin (PE) from Southern Biotech as a marker for B cells. Fluorescent antibodies were generally used at 1 µg/ml. B220+ GFP from 564Igi, 564Igi mb1-cre, 564Igi CD19cre and 564Igi CD21-cre BM and spleen cells were sorted and RNA prepared as described below. B cells from the spleen of an Aicda−/−564Igi mouse were purified using the EasySep Mouse B-Cell Enrichment kit (StemCell 19754), which isolates B cells by magnetic negative selection.
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3

Fluorescent Imaging of Yeast Proteins

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Images of yeast cells and CW treated in different ways were obtained with fluorescent confocal scanning microscope Leica TCS SP2 AOBS (Leica, Rostock, Germany). Images of material from protein extracts (T and G pools) were obtained with fluorescent confocal scanning microscope Carl Zeiss Axiovert 200M LSM 510 META (Zeiss, Moscow, Russia).
Yeast cells, CW, and protein extracts (T and G pools) were fixed on glass slides with 3.7% paraformaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature incubated in conditions preventing desiccation. Samples were stained with mouse primary polyclonal antibodies against Bgl2 (obtained as described in the Section 4.9) and secondary polyclonal goat anti-mouse antibodies IgG labeled with Alexa-488 fluorophore (Invitrogen, Moscow, Russia) or with rabbit primary polyclonal antibodies against Gas1 and secondary polyclonal goat anti-rabbit antibodies IgG labeled with Alexa-647 fluorophore (Invitrogen, Moscow, Russia; Rostock, Germany). Antibodies to Gas1 were kindly provided by Dr. M.O. Agaphonov (Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia).
Cells, CW, and protein extracts of bgl2Δ strain were used as the antibody controls to cells and CW of wt strain. Untreated with EDC CW of wt strain were used as the control to EDC-crosslinked CW of wt strain.
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4

Fluorescent Particle Uptake and ROS Detection

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GP were biochemically conjugated to Alexa-647 fluorophore (Invitrogen). 25 μg/ml of conjugated GP was centrifuged onto cells as above, and cells were allowed to interact with particles for 15 minutes. Cells were washed, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and fluorescence was assessed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen production was detected by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence as previously described (16 (link)).
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5

Hypoxia Detection via EF5 Accumulation

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Hypoxia detection in guinea pigs was achieved by 2-nitroimidazole derivative EF5 molecule (University of Pennsylvania, USA) accumulation in tissues. An intracardiac injection (1.5 mL for 150 g guinea pig) of a 10 mM EF5 solution was performed one hour prior to Shigella challenge.
EF5 was immunodetected on fixed cells or tissues using an α-EF5 antibody (ELK3-51) conjugated with a Cy3 fluorophore (ready-to-use solution, University of Pennsylvania, USA). Dapi (Invitrogen) was used at 1 µg/mL. Neutrophils were labeled with the MUB40-Dylight405 marker12 (link), binding to lactoferrin stored in specific and tertiary granules. GLUT-1 was detected with a mouse monoclonal antibody (Abcam, ab40084), used at 1:40 dilution and a secondary antibody conjugated with an Alexa647 fluorophore (Thermofisher Scientific).
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6

Hypoxia Detection via EF5 Accumulation

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Hypoxia detection in guinea pigs was achieved by 2-nitroimidazole derivative EF5 molecule (University of Pennsylvania, USA) accumulation in tissues. An intracardiac injection (1.5 mL for 150 g guinea pig) of a 10 mM EF5 solution was performed one hour prior to Shigella challenge.
EF5 was immunodetected on fixed cells or tissues using an α-EF5 antibody (ELK3-51) conjugated with a Cy3 fluorophore (ready-to-use solution, University of Pennsylvania, USA). Dapi (Invitrogen) was used at 1 µg/mL. Neutrophils were labeled with the MUB40-Dylight405 marker12 (link), binding to lactoferrin stored in specific and tertiary granules. GLUT-1 was detected with a mouse monoclonal antibody (Abcam, ab40084), used at 1:40 dilution and a secondary antibody conjugated with an Alexa647 fluorophore (Thermofisher Scientific).
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