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Sephadex g 15

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China, Italy

Sephadex G-15 is a gel filtration media used for size-based separation of molecules in aqueous solutions. It is a cross-linked dextran polymer with a bead size range of 20-80 μm and a fractionation range of 100-1,500 daltons. Sephadex G-15 is commonly used for desalting, buffer exchange, and purification of small molecules and peptides.

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12 protocols using sephadex g 15

1

Mucoadhesive Dexamethasone Delivery

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Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) MW 1380 Da (SR: 0.6), dexamethasone (DMS), thiourea, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), Ellman’s reagent (2,2′-dinitro-5,5′-dithiobenzoic acid), l-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, Sephadex G-15, Type II porcine gastric mucin, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), calf bovine serum, a mixture of antibiotics consisting of an aqueous solution of penicillin (10,000 U/mL) and streptomycin (10,000 µg/mL), 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.3 without Ca2+ and Mg2+ (PBSA), and a trypsin-EDTA buffer solution containing 0.25% trypsin were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Fibroblast BALB/3T3 clone A31 cells (CCL-163) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection.
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2

Cardiac Troponin I Assay Development

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The stock of a cTn I-T-C complex (SRM 2912) and monoclonal antibodies (clones M18, 560, 19C7, and MF4) specific to cTnI were supplied by Hytest (Turku, Finland). Sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, sodium chloride, casein (sodium salt form, extract from bovine milk), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride (TMB), Sephadex G-15, and D-(+)–trehalose dihydrate were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The NC membrane (HiFlowPlus HFB13504) and polyester membrane were supplied by Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). EZ-Link NHS-LC-LC-Biotin, succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC), N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate (SPDP), dithiotheritol (DTT), goat anti-mouse IgG, and SuperSignal West Femto Chemiluminescent Substrate for HRP were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Streptavidin and HRP were supplied by Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). The cellulose membrane (17CHR, chromatography grade) and the glass fiber membrane for the supply of conjugate were obtained from Whatman (Maidstone, England) and MDI (Ambala Cantt, India) respectively. Hydrogen peroxide, insoluble TMB, and streptavidin-PolyHRP20 (SA-Poly-HRP) conjugate were obtained from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan), Moss (Pasadena, MD, USA), and Fitzgerald (North Acton, MA, USA) respectively. The grade of all reagents was analytical.
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3

Protein Purification by Sephadex G-15

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Fa solution (2 mL, 60.0 mg/mL) was separated on a Sephadex G-15 (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China) column (1 × 100 cm). We used a 0.02 M phosphate (pH 7.0) buffer at the flow rate of 0.15 mL/min for the elution. The eluate was monitored at 280 nm and each fraction was collected and lyophilized.
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4

Extraction and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Sea Cucumber

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Sea cucumber (Acaudina molpadioidea) was purchased from a local market (Qingdao, China) and its water content was determined to be 12.65% per 20 g on average. Hippuryl histidyl leucine (HHL), rabbit-lung ACE and Sephadex G-15 were purchased from Sigma Chemical Ltd (St. Louis, MO, USA). Papain (from papaya) and trypsin (from bovine sources) were purchased from Nanning Pangbo Biological Engineering Ltd (Nanning, China). O-Pthaldialdehyde (OPA) was purchased from Beijing Soularbio Technology Ltd. (Beijing, China). Proline (PubChem CID 145742), valine (PubChem CID 6287), tyrosine (PubChem CID 6057), tryptophan (PubChem CID 6305), leucine (PubChem CID 6106) and phenylalanine (PubChem CID 6140) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals were obtained from local commercial sources and were of the highest purity available.
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5

Cardiac Troponin I Labeling and Assay

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Human cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and monoclonal antibodies specific to cTnI (clones 19C7 and 560) were purchased from Hytest (Turku, Finland). N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-functionalized Dylight 650 fluorescent dye (Dylight 650 NHS ester) and DQTM Red BSA were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Casein (sodium salt), Tween 20, bovine serum albumin (BSA), Sephadex G-15, dialysis tubing, and proteinase K were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Succinimidyl-6-[biotin-amido] hexanoate (NHS-LC-Biotin), succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxy-(6-amidocaproate) (LC-SMCC), succinimidyl-6-[3(2-pyridyldithio) propionamido]hexanoate (LC-SPDP) and dithiothreitol (DTT) were purchased from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). Black 96-well plates were purchased from Greiner Bio-one (Frickenhausen, Germany). Vivanspin™ 500 was purchased from Sartorius (Goettingen, Germany). Other reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
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6

Purification of Sulfated Glycans from Toxoplasma

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The dry crude extract (50 mg) was subjected to an anion exchange chromatography (DEAE Sephacel resin, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) column (1 × 20 cm). Polysaccharides were eluted and fractionated using a linear gradient of NaCl (in 0.1 M NaOAc, pH 6.0) from 1 to 3 M at a flow rate of 3 mL/h. The obtained fractions of all the polysaccharides were monitored by the 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay.43 (link) Purified fractions of TgFucCS and TgSF were also assayed for the presence of hexoses,44 uronic acids,45 and sialic acids46 (link) by the Dubois reaction, Carbazole reaction, and Ehlrich assay, respectively. The NaCl concentration was estimated by conductivity. The polysaccharide fractions were pooled and dialyzed thrice against water and lyophilized. The dialyzed sugars were further purified on a size exclusion column (1 × 30 cm) packed with Sephadex G-15 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). The pure mass yield of TgSF and TgFucCS from the crude extract was approximately 2.5 mg each (5% w/w). The overall pure yield of each sulfated glycan from the dry body tissue was 0.25% w/w.
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7

Cytotoxicity Assay for MDA-MB-231 Cells

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Urea (99%), citric acid (99.5%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), Sephadex® G-15 and G-25, ethyl acetate (Chromasolv), dialysis tubing MWCO 2 kDa were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and used as received. MDA-MB-231 cell lines was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and cultured in supplemented Dulbecco’s Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) (EuroClone, Milan, Italy) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, EuroClone, Milan, Italy) 1% of penicillin/streptomycin (10,000 U mL−1 and 10 mg mL−1 respectively, Euroclone, Milan, Italy) and 1% of L-glutamine (EuroClone, Milan, Italy), at 37 °C in 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. Cell Titer 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation assay (MTS solution) were purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).
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8

Multifunctional PLA Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

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Poly(D,L-lactide) acid terminated (PLA) (Mw 120 kDa), urea (99%), citric acid (99.5%), anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), indocyanine green (ICG, 99.5%), Sephadex® G15, Sephadex® G25, dialysis tubing MWCO 2 kDa, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH 7.4 (99%), and anhydrous potassium bromide (KBr) (99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and used as received.
Fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin, and amphotericin B were purchased from EuroClone (Milan, Italy). An MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di- 102 phenyltetrazolium bromide) assay kit was purchased from Merk Life Science S.r.l. (Milan, Italy).
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9

DNA Sequence Purification and Preparation

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Primary DNA sequences were synthesized, trityl-off, by Eurogentec (Belgium), supplied desalted, and lyophilized. They were subsequently purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in ion-pair mode on a Phenomenex Clarity Oligo-RP column (C18, 5 μm, 10 × 100 mm) using an acetonitrile gradient (5 to 40% over 35 min) and a 100 mM TEAA (triethylamine acetate) buffer (pH 6.8). Typically, the recovered fractions were subsequently subjected to gel filtration using Sephadex G-15 (Sigma-Aldrich) and to, finally, three rounds of dialysis in water/sodium-buffered solutions. After lyophilization, samples were resuspended in concentrations of total sodium ranging from 20 to 100 mM. All solutions were composed of NaCl and Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4 buffered to pH 6.8.
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10

Ultrafiltration and Purification of ACEI Peptides

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Ultrafitration. Samples were adjusted to pH 4.6 (1 M HCl) and centrifuged (3,000 × g for 20 min). Supernatant (1) was readjusted to pH 7.0 (1 M NaOH) and centrifuged (3,000 × g for 10 min), and supernatant (2) was collected. Supernatant (2) was readjusted to pH 8.3 (1 M NaOH) and centrifuged (3,000 × g for 5 min). Supernatant (3) was subsequently stored at -20°C for further analysis.
Each supernatant was filtered sequentially using an ultrafitration unit (Amicon Ultra 15 mL, Millipore, Billerica, MA) using 2 membrane layers with molecular weight (MW) cutoffs of 3 and 10 kDa. The following 3 fractions were obtained: MW <3 kDa; 3kDa < MW < 10 kDa; and MW >10 kDa. The fraction with the highest ACEI activity was lyophilized and stored at 4 C° for further purification.
Isolation and Purification of ACEI Peptides. Lyophilized samples (1.5 mL) were dissolved in deionized water (1:3) and loaded onto a Sephadex G-15 (Sigma-Aldrich) gel filtration column (1.5 cm × 50 cm). The column was subsequently eluted with distilled
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