Albustix strips

Manufactured by Bayer

Albustix strips are a diagnostic tool used to detect the presence of albumin in a urine sample. They provide a simple and convenient way to screen for potential kidney or liver disorders.

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Lab products found in correlation

Calf thymus dna, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Slidepath digital image hub, by Leica (1 mentions) Mouse igg2a, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

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Albustix (16 citations) Albustix reagent strips (4 citations)

5 protocols using albustix strips

Quantitative Autoantibody and Cytokine Assays

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Relative levels of serum anti-DNA antibody were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as previously described42 (link). The 96-well plates were first coated with calf thymus DNA (2.5 μg/ml; Sigma Aldrich). IgG was detected with peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch). Relative absorbance levels were measured at 492 nm in a Labsystems Multiskan Plus Plate Reader. Proteinuria levels were determined at 4 months of age using Albustix strips and measurements were evaluated as 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ (Bayer, Elkhart, IN). IFN-γ levels in T cell-free supernatants were determined by FlowMetrix system (Luminex, Austin, TX)11 (link).

Daszkiewicz L., Vázquez-Mateo C., Rackov G., Ballesteros-Tato A., Weber K., Madrigal-Avilés A., Di Pilato M., Fotedar A., Fotedar R., Flores J.M., Esteban M., Martínez-A C, & Balomenos D. (2015). Distinct p21 requirements for regulating normal and self-reactive T cells through IFN-γ production. Scientific Reports, 5, 7691.

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Kidney and Skin Pathology Scoring

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Proteinuria was measured by Albustix strips (Bayer). Kidneys were removed, bisected, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, and H&E stained. Glomerular and interstitial nephritis were scored by a pathologist in a blinded manner as previously described (25 (link)).
Dermatitis was scored based on the extent of dermatitis on the dorsum of the neck and back. The macroscopic surface area was scored from 0 to 5 for an affected area up to 9.1 cm², with up to 1 additional point for the presence of ear (a quarter point each) and muzzle (a half point) dermatitis.

Cosgrove H.A., Gingras S., Kim M., Bastacky S., Tilstra J.S, & Shlomchik M.J. (2023). B cell–intrinsic TLR7 expression drives severe lupus in TLR9-deficient mice. JCI Insight, 8(16), e172219.

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Quantification of Glomerulonephritis Severity

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Proteinuria was determined using Albustix strips (Bayer Corporation) and graded semiquantitatively (0 = negative to traces; 1 = 30 mg/dL; 2 = 100 mg/dL; 3 = 300 mg/dL; 4 ≥ 2000 mg/dL). Kidneys were fixed in zinc formalin and sections stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS). Slide images were scanned and stored on Slidepath Digital Image Hub (Leica Microsystems). The severity of glomerulonephritis (GN) was determined as described [50 (link)] by analyzing > 50 representative glomeruli, which were graded blindly on a 0 to 4 scale based on the extent of histopathological features including glomerular cellularity and size, mesangial thickening, inflammatory exudates, capsular adhesion, obliteration of glomerular architecture, PAS-positive deposits, and tubular changes. A score ≥ 2.0 was considered pathologic.

Gonzalez-Quintial R., Mayeux J.M., Kono D.H., Theofilopoulos A.N., Pollard K.M, & Baccala R. (2019). Silica exposure and chronic virus infection synergistically promote lupus-like systemic autoimmunity in mice with low genetic predisposition. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 205, 75-82.

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Quantitative Evaluation of Glomerulonephritis

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Proteinuria was determined using Albustix strips (Bayer Corporation) and graded semiquantitatively (0 = negative to traces, 1 = 30mg/ml; 2 = 100 mg/ml, 3 = 300 mg/ml, 4 = 2000 mg/ml). Tissue sections were fixed in zinc formalin and stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or snap-frozen in OCT for immunofluorescence. Severity of glomerulonephritis (GN) was determined as described [33 (link)] by analyzing >50 representative glomeruli which were graded blindly on a 0 to 4 scale, where 0 = no pathology, 1 = minimal mesangial thickening, 2 = noticeable increases in both mesangium and glomerular cellularity, 3 = the preceding features plus inflammatory exudates and/or capsular adhesion, and 4 = obliteration of glomerular architecture involving >70% of glomeruli; a score ≥ 2.0 was considered pathologic. Kidney sections were also examined by immunofluorescence for the presence of immune deposits using antibodies to mouse IgG2a (Invitrogen) and C3 (Nordic Immunology). Fluorescence intensity was quantified for each mouse using ImageJ (National Institute of Health).

Gonzalez-Quintial R., Nguyen A., Kono D.H., Oldstone M.B., Theofilopoulos A.N, & Baccala R. (2018). Lupus acceleration by a MAVS-activating RNA virus requires endosomal TLR signaling and host genetic predisposition. PLoS ONE, 13(9), e0203118.

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Quantifying Proteinuria in Urine

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Urine was collected 1–2 d before sacrifice and proteinuria quantified using Albustix strips (Bayer) and semiquantitative scores were assigned based on colorimetric scale. (0, negative to trace; 1, 30 mg/ml; 2, 100 mg/ml; 3, 300 mg/ml; 4, ≥2,000 mg/ml).

Rowland S.L., Riggs J.M., Gilfillan S., Bugatti M., Vermi W., Kolbeck R., Unanue E.R., Sanjuan M.A, & Colonna M. (2014). Early, transient depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells ameliorates autoimmunity in a lupus model. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 211(10), 1977-1991.

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