acid, potassium carbonate, pyridine, o-phenylendiamine, o-dichlorobenzene, cuprous iodide, trifluoroacetic anhydride,
18-crown-6, carbazole, phenothiazine, diisopropylethylamine, sodium t-butoxide, and tribenzylidene acetone dipalladium (II)
were purchased from Energy Chemical. Tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane,
petroleum ether, methanol, and ethyl acetate were purchased from Sinopharm
Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Chemicals were used without further purification
unless otherwise noted. Anhydrous solvents were distilled from commercial
sources with sodium/benzopheneone or calcium hydride.