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5 protocols using foetal bovine serum fbs

1

Maintenance of Endocrine Cell Lines

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EndoC-βH3 cells59 (link) were maintained on a 2 µg ml−1 fibronectin- and 1% extracellular matrix-coated plate in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) low glucose (1 g l−1), sodium pyruvate (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 2% BSA Fraction V (Roche), 1% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS; Labtech), 2 mM l-glutamine, 5.5 μg ml−1 human transferrin, 1 mM sodium pyruvate 10 mM nicotinamide, 6.7 ng ml−1 sodium selenite, 50 μM β-mercaptoethanol, 100 U ml−1 penicillin and 100 µg ml−1 streptomycin. DMEM was substituted with Advance DMEM/F-12 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and FBS was omitted for the TetOn-HNF1A EndoC-βH3 cell line, as well as during the expansion of EndoC-βH3 clones.
293FT cells (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were maintained in DMEM, 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 0.1 mM MEM non-essential amino acids, 2 mM l-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 500 µg ml−1 geneticin, 100 U ml−1 penicillin and 100 µg ml−1 streptomycin.
MIN6 cells60 (link) were maintained in DMEM, 4.5 g l−1 glucose, 15% heat-inactivated FBS, 50 μM β-mercaptoethanol and 50 µg ml−1 gentamicin.
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2

Cyclin B1-EYFP Expression in U2OS and hTert-RPE1 Cells

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U2OS or hTert-RPE1 cells that express Cyclin B1-EYFP from its endogenous locus46 (link),47 (link) were cultured in DMEM or DMEM/F12 media (Sigma), respectively, supplemented with 10% Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) (Labtech) and penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma) at 37 °C and 5% CO2.
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3

Isolation and Culture of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

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ASCs were isolated from adult Sprague–Dawley rats as previously reported15 (link). Visceral fat was carefully dissected and minced using a sterile razor blade. Later, tissue was enzymatically dissociated with 0.15% (w/v) collagenase type I (Invitrogen, UK) for 90 min at 37 °C under constant agitation. Collagenase was neutralized by the addition of α-Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (α-MEM, Sigma-Aldrich, Poole, UK) containing 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (FBS, LabTech, Uckfield, UK). Undissociated tissue was removed passing the solution through a 100μm filter and then centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 10 min. The stromal cell pellet was resuspended in α-MEM (Sigma-Aldrich, Poole, UK) containing 10% (v/v) FBS (LabTech, Uckfield, UK), 2mM L-glutamine (GE Healthcare UK, Little Chalfont, UK) and 1% (v/v) penicillin/streptomycin solution (Sigma-Aldrich, UK). Cultures were maintained at sub-confluent levels in a 37 °C incubator with 5% CO2.
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4

Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Isolation

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ASCs were harvested as previously reported;32 (link),40 (link) ASCs were isolated from adult male (3 months) Sprague-Dawley rats. Fat pads were dissected and minced using a sterile razor blade. After, tissue was enzymatically digested for 1 h at 37°C using 0.15% (w/v) collagenase type I (Invitrogen, Manchester, UK). A 100 μm filter was used to remove the undissociated tissue. The solution was centrifugated at 1200 rpm for 10 min and the SVF obtained. The stromal cell pellet was plated in 75 cm2 cell culture flasks in stem cell growth medium consisting in minimum essential medium (MEM, Sigma-Aldrich, UK) supplemented with 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (FBS, LabTech, Uckfield, UK), 1% (v/v) Penicillin/ Streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) and 1% (v/v) Glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich, UK). The cultures were maintained at sub-confluent levels in a 37°C incubator with 5% CO2 and passaged with trypsin/EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) when required.
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5

Chitosan-Collagen Scaffold Degradation and MSC Viability

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It is hypothesised that the addition of chitosan to the collagen scaffold will improve the degradation characteristics of the scaffold. To test this hypothesis, the scaffolds were incubated at 37 °C for 28 days in serum-containing media in an attempt to replicate physiological conditions. After 28 days, samples were removed from the medium, rinsed with distilled water, lyophilized and weighed. The experiment was done triplicate for each scaffold type. The total percentage of scaffold remaining was calculated. Using the following equation;
where d0 = weight of dry scaffold at day 0 and d28 = weight of dry scaffold at day 28.
2.5. Effect of chitosan incorporation on MSC viability within scaffold 2.5.1. Cell culture Primary rat MSCs were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagles medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) (Labtech, UK), 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM glutamax (Gibco-Biosciences, Ireland), 1 mM L-glutamine and 1% non-essential amino acids (Gibco-Biosciences, Ireland). Scaffolds of 10 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height were placed in 24 well-plates and seeded with 5 Â 10 5 MSCs. Supplemented DMEM growth medium was added to each well and the scaffolds were incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO 2 for 14 and 28 days with media changes every 3 days.
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