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57 protocols using poly 1 c

1

HCV Transgenic Mice for Inducible Cre Expression

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R6CN2HCV transgenic mice that possess HCVR6 (genotype 1b) cDNA (nucleotides 294 to 3435) downstream of the CAG promoter, the neomycin resistance gene (neo), and poly(A) signal flanked by two loxP sequences (12 (link)) were bred with Mx1-Cre transgenic mice (purchased from The Jackson Laboratory) to produce R6CN2HCV-MxCre transgenic mice (CN2-29+/−/MxCre+/−), here referred to as HCV transgenic mice. Cre expression in the livers of these mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of poly(I · C) (GE Healthcare UK Ltd., Buckinghamshire, England); 300 μl poly(I · C) solution {1 mg/ml calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate-buffered saline [in PBS(−)]} was injected 3 times at 48-h intervals.
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Induction of Cre-mediated Gene Deletion in Mice

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For induction of Cre-mediated deletion of floxed gene alleles in Mx1-Cre S1P reporter mice, 3- to 5-day-old mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 70 μl polyI:C (GE Healthcare) at a concentration of 2 mg/ml in PBS. All mice in each litter were treated identically. For induction of Mx1-Cre in Cxcr4f/fMx1-Cre mice, adult mice received intraperitoneal injections of 100 μl polyI:C at a concentration of 2 mg/ml in PBS once every other day for a total of 3 injections. LNs were harvested at least at least 9 days after the last treatment. For induction of UBC-CreERT2, adult mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of 200 μg tamoxifen for 5 days, and mice were analyzed at least 5 days after the final tamoxifen dose.
NIBR-0213, provided by Novartis, was used to inhibit S1PR1 internalization in S1P reporter mice. Dessicated powder was resuspended at 3 mg/ml in 30% polyethylene glycol 200 (TCI America) in PBS36 (link). Mixture was heated to 45° C for 1 h to dissolve the powder. Animals were injected once daily with 250 μl (30 mg/kg) for 8 days. LNs were collected 3–5 h after the last treatment.
FTY720 (Cayman Chemical) was used to induce S1PR1 internalization in S1P reporter mice. Mice were treated with FTY720 at a dose of 1 mg per kg body weight (mg/kg) intraperitoneally 5 h before harvest of LNs.
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Combinatorial Immune Activation Protocol

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For 6-hour immunizations, 2 × 108 SRBCs (Colorado Serum Company), 20 μg of LPS (0111:B4, Sigma), 150 μg of poly I:C (GE Healthcare), or saline was injected retro-orbitally into mice. For immunization of mice with both SRBC and poly I:C, SRBCs were resuspended directly in corresponding doses of poly I:C.
For analysis of CD4+ T cell responses, pooled spleen and LN cells containing 106CD45.1+CD4+Vα2+ OTII were adoptively transferred into mice. For analysis of B cell responses, spleen cells containing 105 HEL-binding Hy10 B cells and 104 OTII T cells were cotransferred. One day after cell transfer, recipients were immunized intraperitoneally with HEL-OVA conjugated to SRBCs (SRBC-HEL-OVA; 2 × 108 cells).
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4

Intranasal Poly(I:C) Administration

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Poly(I:C) (GE Healthcare Biosciences) was delivered to WT and genetically modified mice via intranasal (i.n.) administration (1 μg/kg/mouse) as described26 (link). Unless otherwise stated, Poly(I:C) was administered 24 hours before the tumor cell challenge.
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5

Genetically Modified Mouse Models

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All animal experiments in this study were performed under an animal experimental protocol approved by the UMKC IACUC. Sh3bp2KI/KI mice were reported previously.(19 (link)) c-Fos-deficient (c-Fos−/−, #002293), Ranklfl/fl (#018978), EIIa-Cre (#003724), Mx1-Cre (#003556), and Csf1rfl/fl (#021212) mice were obtained from the Jackson laboratory. RANKL-deficient (Rankl−/−) mice were created by crossing Ranklfl/fl mice with EIIa-Cre mice. All mice were crossed and created on the mix background of C57BL/6 and 129X1/SvJ under specific pathogen free conditions. Csf1rfl/fl mice with Mx1-Cre were injected with poly(I:C) (250 mg/body, GE Healthcare) intraperitoneally three times with 2-day intervals at 1 week old to induce Cre expression. Csf1rfl/fl mice without Mx1-Cre were also injected with poly(I:C) as controls. There were no significant gender differences in phenotypes, thus samples from both males and females were pooled for statistical analysis.
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Mitochondrial Function in Mouse Development

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C57BL/6 Uqcrfs1 (RISPfl/fl)48 (link) and C57BL/6 Tfamfl/fl,48 (link) mice were described previously. Vav-iCre (Stock #008610) and Mx-1 Cre (Stock #003556) mice were obtained from the Jackson laboratory. Recipients in transplantation assays were adult C57BL/6 CD45.1 mice (Jackson Laboratory, stock#002014). L-buthionine-sulfoximine (Sigma) at 2 or 20 mM and N-acetylcysteine (Sigma) at 1 mg/mL were administered in drinking water to 8.5 d.p.c (days post coitum) pregnant females until the day fetuses were extracted. Poly I:C (GE) was injected intraperitoneally every other day for five days at a dose of 12mg/kg. All animal procedures were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Northwestern University.
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7

Genetically Modified Mouse Models for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research

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Congenic C57BL/6 WT mice were used as donors (CD45.2+) and recipients (CD45.1+) for all the experiments. Ifnar1−/−, Trp53−/−, Foxo3a−/−, and BakBaxcKO mice have been described previously (Donehower et al., 1992 (link); Müller et al., 1994 (link); Castrillon et al., 2003 (link); Warr et al., 2013 (link)). Transplantation of purified HSCs and generation of WT:Ifnar1−/− BM chimeric mice were performed as previously described (Santaguida et al., 2009 (link)). For poly I:C treatment, 6–12 wk-old age- and gender-matched mice were injected i.p. with 10 µg/g body mass of poly I:C (GE Healthcare) in PBS at 2-d intervals for up to 30 d. For in vivo IFN-α treatment, mice were injected subcutaneously with 1 × 104 U IFN-α4 (eBioscience) every 12 h until BM harvest. For in vivo HSC proliferation assays, mice were injected i.p. with 1 mg BrdU (Sigma-Aldrich) in d-PBS 3 h before BM harvest. For myeloablation treatment, mice were injected i.p. with 150 mg/kg of 5-FU (Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS, and PB was collected via the retroorbital vein into K2EDTA-coated collection tubes (BD) for complete blood counts (CBC) performed on a Hemavet950 analyzer (DREW Scientific). All mouse experiments were performed in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of California, San Francisco.
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8

Whole Blood Immune Stimulation Assay

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Blood samples were processed in less than 4 h from collection. Whole blood was mixed 1:1 with sterile pre-warmed (37°C) RPMI 1640 medium. Two hundred microliters were added to each well of pre-made 96-well round-bottom polystyrene plates containing 22 μl of specific TLR and NOD ligands: PAM3CSK4 (PAM, TLR2/1); polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C, TLR3); lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4); resiquimod (R848, TLR7/8); peptidoglycan (PGN, NOD1/2) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP, NOD2); and media alone. All ligands were diluted in RPMI medium to obtain the desired concentration: PAM (InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, United States) at 1 μg/mL; Poly I:C (GE Healthcare, Fairfield, CT, United States) at 100 μg/mL; LPS (InvivoGen) at 10 ng/mL; R848 (InvivoGen) at 10 μM; PGN (InvivoGen) at 10 μg/mL; MDP (InvivoGen) at 0.1 μg/mL. To standardize the assays, the pre-made plates were prepared, sealed with aluminum plate sealer and stored at −80°C until use.
The diluted whole blood was incubated for 24 h at 37°C in 5% CO2. After 24 h in culture, plates were centrifuged, 100 μL of supernatant were taken and stored at −80°C. The samples were shipped on dry ice via World Courier to Vancouver (Canada) where they were stored at −80°C until Luminex and ELISA-based measurements.
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9

Modulating Immune Response with Poly(I:C) and LPS

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Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg poly(I:C) (GE Healthcare) for 7 h and then 0.1 mg/kg or 0.4 mg/kg LPS were injected. After 3 h, the sera were collected from each mice and survival rates were tested. To prevent TLR4 signaling, 20 mg/kg of TAK-242 (CS-0408; Chemscene) was intraperitoneally injected at 0.5 h prior to LPS injection and at 0 h or 0.5 h post-LPS injection. To make the graph, the survival rate and cytokine concentration were used Prism5 software (Graph Pad software).
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10

Conditional Nras Knockin Mouse Model

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All mice were housed in the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine at the University of Michigan, and protocols were approved by the University of Michigan Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (PRO00007786). Conditional NrasG12D knockin mice (14 (link)), Stat5ab knockout mice (16 (link)), and transgenic Col1A1-H2B-GFP; Rosa26-M2-rtTA mice (17 (link)) were described previously. All animals were maintained on a C57/BL6 background. Littermates or age- and gender-matched mutant and control mice (6–10 weeks of age) were used for all experiments. To activate NrasG12D, the Mx1-cre+; NrasLSL-G12D/+ mice received intraperitoneal injections of poly (I:C; GE Healthcare Life Sciences 27-4732-01) at a dose of 0.5 μg/g body mass every other day for three doses 2 weeks before analysis. Doxycycline was added to the water at a concentration of 0.2% (m/v) along with 1% sucrose. No difference of phenotype was observed between male and female mice.
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