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16 protocols using tc11 18h10

1

Flow Cytometric Immune Cell Analysis

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Antibodies employed in flow cytometric analysis were obtained from various commercial sources: anti-CD1d (Biolegend, 1B1), anti-αGalcer:CD1d (eBioscience, L363), CD86 (BD Bioscience, GL1), TCRαβ (eBioscience,IP26), F4/80 (eBioscience, BM8), IL17-A (Biolegend,TC11-18H10.1), NK1.1 (Biolegend, PK136), and CD3 (Biolegend, 17A2). Cells were blocked with anti-CD16/32 antibody (Biolegend) for 15 min before incubation with fluorescently labeled antibodies at a concentration of 2 μg/ml for 45 min on ice. Stained cells were washed once with FACS buffer and analyzed by FACSan (Becton Dickinson). For internal staining, cells stained with surface makers were fixed in 2% PFA Fixation buffer (eBioscience) at 4°C overnight, followed by 3 washes with permeabilization buffer (R&D) and incubation with permeabilization buffer for 20 min on ice before staining with internal antibody. Stained cells were washed once with permeabilization buffer and suspended in PBS for analysis. Flow cytometry data were processed with FlowJo software (Tree Star, inc.,).
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2

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis

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To assess intracellular cytokines, leukocytes were stimulated for 4 hrs with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10 ng/ml), ionomycin (1 μg/ml) and brefeldin A (10 μg/ml). Cells were washed, fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.5% saponin buffer and stained with antibodies specific for CD4 (Biolegend – RM4-5), IFN-γ (eBioscience – XMG1.2), IL-4 (eBioscience – 11B11), IL-13 (eBioscience – eBio13A) and IL-17A (Biolegend – TC11-18H10.1). To assess cell populations and macrophage depletion, leukocytes isolated from lung tissue or 72 hrs thioglycollate elicited peritoneal cells (3% w/v) were labelled with a viability dye (Invitrogen – LIVE/DEAD Blue or Aqua), pre-incubated in 2% normal rat serum plus unlabelled anti-CD16/32 antibody (eBioscience – 93), and stained with combinations of antibodies specific for: CD11b (Biolegend – M1/70), CD11c (BD – HL3), CD45 (Biolegend - 30-F11), CD64 (Biolegend – X54-5/7.1), F4/80 (Biolegend – BM8), Gr-1 (Biolegend – RB6-8C5), Ly6C (Biolegend – HK1.4), Ly6G (BD – 1A8), MHC class II I-Ab (BD – AF6-120.1) or I-A/E (Biolegend M5/114.15.2), Siglec-F (BD – E50-2440), and TCRβ (eBioscience – H57-597). Flow cytometry was performed using a FACSCanto II or LSRII (BD Biosciences) and data were analyzed using FlowJo (Tree Star).
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3

Multi-Parametric Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine T Cell Subsets

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Fluorescence-conjugated antibodies for CD4 (RM4-5), IFN-γ, IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1), CD45RB (MEM-55), and CD90.1 (H1.2F3) were purchased from Biolegend and CD25 (PC61.5) and FoxP3 (FJK-16s) were from eBioscience. For FACs staining, 0.5 – 1 × 106 cells were collected and surface stained followed by intracellular staining after fixation and permeabilization according the manufacture's instruction (BD Bioscience). For intracellular cytokine staining, lymphocytes were stimulated for 4 h with 50 ng/mL of PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and 1 mM ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A. Stained cells were analyzed on the Canto II ™ (BD biosciences) and FACS data were analyzed with FlowJo software (TreeStar). For naïve T cell sorting, CD4+ T cells were enriched by MACs and then stained with fluorescence-conjugated antibodies and CD4+CD25CD45RBhi naïve cells were sorted on the Moflow cell sorter (Dako cytomation, Beckman coulter) by the flow facility of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill or the BD FACSAria™ III sorter in Xuzhou Medical University.
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4

Cytokine profiling of stimulated cells

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Sorted cell populations were stimulated with 1 µg/ml ionomycin and 50 ng/ml PMA for 5 h at 37°C in the presence of Brefeldin A (eBioscience). Cells were labeled with Live/Dead fixable violet dead cell stain kit (Invitrogen) and then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Cells were permeabilized and stained in Perm/Wash buffer (BD) using Ab against IFN-γ (XMG1.2) and IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1; BioLegend) for analysis by flow cytometry.
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5

Detailed Immune Cell Profiling

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For surface staining, anti-PD-L1 PE (1:200, J43, BD Biosciences #551892) was stained for 30 min on ice and dead cell was stained with Propidium iodide (1:2000, DOJINDO #341-07881) before FACS analysis. For intracellular staining, dead cells were first stained with Fixable Viability Dye eFluor 780 (1:1000, eBioscience #65-0865-14) for 10 min. For cytokine staining, sample preparation was conducted with 4% PFA for 10 min at 4 °C and incubated with permeabilization buffer for 10 min on ice (50 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.5% Triton-X). After incubating with blocking buffer for 15 min on ice (0.3% BSA), the cells were stained with anti-TNFα PE (1:200, MP6-XT22, Biolegend# 506306), anti-IFNγ FITC (1:50, XMG1.2, BD Biosciences #554411), anti-IL-2 APC (1:1000, JES6-5H4, BD Biosciences #554429), anti-IL-4 BV421 (1:200, 11B11, BD Biosciences #562915), anti-IL-17A BV421 (1:200, TC11-18H10.1, Biolegend#506925), anti-IL-17F APC (1:200, O79-289, BD Biosciences #561630), or for 30 min in the dark. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were analyzed with Proliferation dye e670 (Invitrogen #65-0840-90) or BrdU Flow kit (BD Biosciences #557891) as according to the manufacture’s protocol. Flow cytometric data were analyzed after removal of dead cells and doublets cells with Flowjo software (version 10.4).
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6

Quantitative Cytokine ELISA Assay

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Primary antibodies (αIFN-γ; R4-6A2; BioLegend; αIL-17A; TC11-18H10.1; BioLegend) were diluted in ELISA Coating Buffer (BioLegend) and coated on ELISA plates overnight at 4°C. Coated plates were blocked with PBS containing 1% BSA for 2 h. Then samples and appropriate standards were loaded in duplicate, diluted in blocking buffer, and incubated overnight. Detection antibodies (αIFN-γ; XMG1.2; BioLegend; αIL-17A; TC11-8H4; BioLegend) were used according to manufacturers’ instructions. Plates were washed extensively in between steps with PBS and 0.05% Tween-20, and were developed using the o-Phenylenediamine colorimetric assay and read at 490 nm using a iMark microplate reader (Bio-Rad).
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7

Isolation and Characterization of Murine Immune Cells

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Splenocytes were isolated as previously described(23 ). PBS-perfused kidneys and lungs were minced and digested with collagenase IV (100 μg/ml) for 30 minutes at 37 °C to prepare single cells.
Isolated cells were stained with the following antibodies specific for: TCRβ (H57-597, BioLegend), CD3ε (145-2C11, eBiosciences), CD4(GK1.5, BioLegend), CD8α (53-6.7, eBiosciences), B220 (RA3-6B2, BioLegend), CD25(PC61, BioLegend), I-A/I-E (M5/114.15.2, BioLegend), Nkp46 (29A1.4, BioLegend) for 30min at 4 °C. For intracellular staining, cells were stimulated with 20 ng/ml of phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA, Sigma) and 1 mg/ml of ionomycin(Sigma) for 4 hours, washed and stained with TCRβ, CD4, CD8, I-A/I-E. BD cytofix/cytoperm plus with Golgi stop staining kits (BD Biosciences) were used according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Antibodies of IFN-γ (XMG1.2, BioLegend) and IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend) were used for detecting intracellular cytokines.
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8

Isolation and Stimulation of Lung-Derived White Blood Cells

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White blood cells from lungs were isolated and cultured from collagenase/DNase-digested lungs following published protocols [17 (link)] and then stimulated ex vivo with PMA and ionomycin for 6 hours. Cell samples were washed and adjusted to a concentration of 5×105/mL with flow cytometry buffer (2% FCS in PBS). Samples were then treated with Fc block (anti-CD16/32, clone 2.4G2) in flow cytometry buffer for 20 min on ice. Samples were first stained for surface markers, followed by intracellular cytokine staining. For surface-marker staining, cells were incubated with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies against mouse CD45 (30-F11) and CD4 (GK1.5), all from BioLegend. For intracellular cytokine staining, cells were processed with Cytofix/Cytoperm Fixation/Permeabilization Kit (BD Biosciences) according to manufacturer’s instruction. Samples were then incubated with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against IL-17A (TC11–18H10.1, BioLegend) and analyzed using a BD FACScalibur flow cytometer.
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9

Comprehensive Murine Immune Cell Profiling

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The following mAbs purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA) were used: N418 (anti-murine CD11c); 2.4G2 (“Fc block”, anti-murine CD16/CD32); 30-F11 (anti-murine CD45); C/23 (anti-murine CD40); 16-10A1 (anti-murine CD80); GL1 (anti-murine CD86); AF6-120.1 (anti-murine I-Ab); 10F.9G2 (anti-murine PD-L1); TY25 (anti-murine PD-L2); 6d5 (anti-murine CD19); 1A8 (anti-murine Ly-6G); 145-2C11 (anti-murine CD3ε); BM8 (anti-murine F4/80); NLDC-145 (anti-murine CD205); C068C2 (anti-murine CD206); XMG1.2 (anti-IFNγ); TC11-18H10.1 (anti-IL-17A); and TRFK4 (anti-IL-5). The mAb, AL-21 (anti-murine Ly-6C); M1/70 (anti-murine CD11b) and ebio13A (anti-IL-13) were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA). The mAb 2f8 (anti-murine CD204) was purchased from AbD Serotec. Monoclonal Abs were primarily conjugated with Alexa Fluor 700, FITC, PE, PE-Cy7, PerCP-Cy5.5, allophycocyanin (APC), APC-Cy7, Brilliant Violet 421, or Pacific blue. Isotype-matched control mAbs (BioLegend) were tested simultaneously in all experiments.
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10

Antibody Panel for T-cell Analysis

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The following antibodies were used for flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS): Anti-CD3 (17A2, Biolegend, 1:400), anti-CD4 (GK1.5, Biolegend, 1:100 or 1:400), anti-CD8 (53–6.7, Biolegend, 1:400), anti-CD25 (PC61, Biolegend, 1:400), anti-CD44 (IM7, Biolegend, 1:400), anti-CD62L (MEL-14, Biolegend, 1:400), anti-IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1, Biolegend, 1:100), anti-IFN-γ (XMG1.2, Biolegend, 1:100), anti-GM-CSF (MP1-22E9, BD, 1:100), anti-RORγt (Q31-378, BD, 1:50), anti-Foxp3 (150D, Biolegend, 1:50), anti-T-bet (4B10, Biolegend, 1:50) and anti-TCRVβ8.1/8.2 (KJ16-133.18, Biolegend, 1:20). For immunoblot analyses, anti-JunB (C37F9, Cell Signaling Technology, 1:2,000), anti-RORγt (AFKJS-9, eBioscience, 1:400) and anti-GAPDH (3H12, MBL, 1:2,000) were used. For ChIP analyses, anti-JunB (210, Santa Cruz, 2 μg per ChIP), anti-BATF (WW8, Santa Cruz, 2 μg per ChIP), anti-IRF4 (M-17, Santa Cruz, 2 μg per ChIP), anti-STAT3 (c-20, Santa Cruz, 2 μg per ChIP) were used.
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