The following reagents were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA): B-27® supplement 50x, Fluo-4 AM cell permeant, formaldehyde 37%, GlutaMAX™ supplement, human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF), MEM non-essential amino acids solution 100x, N-2 supplement 100x, and phosphate buffered saline 1x (PBS). The following reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA): 2,5-hexanedione, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), endosulfan, methylmercury, penicillin-streptomycin solution 100x, Triton™ X-100, and TWEEN® 20. Matrigel® was purchased from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). Fetal calf serum (FCS) was purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Human recombinant fibroblast growth factor basic (bFGF) was purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).
Endosulfan
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Endosulfan is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a versatile chemical compound used in various research and analytical applications. The core function of Endosulfan is to serve as a reference standard or analytical reagent for identification, quantification, or sample preparation purposes. Endosulfan is available in different grades and packaging options to meet the specific needs of our customers.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dieldrin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Aldrin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chlorpyrifos, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Carbofuran, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lindane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Endrin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Heptachlor, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diazinon, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Malathion, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline 1x, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tetrodotoxin ttx, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
B 27 supplement 50x, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Formaldehyde 3.7, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Mem nonessential amino acids solution 100x, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N 2 supplement 100x, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Methylmercury, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin solution 100x, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 5 hexanedione, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
γ aminobutyric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using endosulfan
1
Neuronal Cell Culture Protocol
2
Acaricide Sources and Purity
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All acaricides were technical grade and were obtained from the following sources: fenothiocarb (99.8%, Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, Mo) monocrotophos (99.5%, Chem Service, West Chester, PA), omethoate (97.0%, Sigma Aldrich), endosulfan (99.4%, Sigma Aldrich), bifenthrin (99.0%, Sigma Aldrich), fenpropathrin (99.5%, Chem Service, West Chester, PA), Abamectin (97.6%, Sigma Aldrich), etoxazole (98.5%, Sigma Aldrich), fenbutatin oxide (97.7%, Sigma Aldrich), chlorfenapyr (99.6%, Sigma Aldrich), flufenoxuron (98.4%, Sigma Aldrich), amitraz (96.8%, Sigma Aldrich), pyridaben (99.7%, Sigma Aldrich), tebufenpyrad (99.8%, Sigma Aldrich), spiromesifen (99.8%, Sigma Aldrich), (EZ)-cyenopyrafen (97.3%, Sigma Aldrich), cyflumetofen (96.0%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan), bifenazate (99.9%, Sigma Aldrich) and dicofol (97.2%, Sigma Aldrich).
3
Comprehensive Chemical Exposure Protocol
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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: bisphenol A (BPA; purity ≥99%), diethylstilbestrol (DES; purity ≥99%), endosulfan (END; analytical standard grade), 17β-estradiol (E2; purity ≥98%), fulvestrant (FUL; purity ≥98%), hexaconazole (HEX; analytical standard grade), methimazole (MMI; analytical standard grade), 17α-methyltestosterone (17-αMT; purity ≥97.0%), nandrolone (NAN; analytical standard grade), nilutamide (NIL; solid), testosterone (TES; purity ≥99%), 3,3′,5-triiodo-l -thyronine (T3; purity ≥95%), vinclozolin (VIN; analytical standard grade). Stock solutions for all chemicals were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with the only exception being MMI, which was prepared in E3 media (Table S1 ).
4
Chemical Reagents Purification Protocol
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All chemicals and reagents were used in the entire experiment without further purification. Silver nitrate, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzene (TMB), DMSO, sodium acetate, glacial acetic acid, chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan, Fenson, Carbofuran, Aldrin, Dieldrin and Benfuracarb were bought from Sigma-Aldrich India and were used without further purification. Milli-Q water was prepared by an integral water purification system (EMD Millipore).
5
Analytical Standards for Pesticide Residue Analysis
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Analytical standards of heptachlor, aldrin, endosulfan, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDT, methoxychlor, lindane and cypermethrin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, PESTINAL brand, (Saint Louis, MO, USA), through the supplier JM Instrument and Chemical Supply, Sdn. Bhd (Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia). The purity of each of those pesticide standards was more than 98.0%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade n-hexane (98% purity) from Thermo Fisher (Bremen, Germany), analytical-grade acetonitrile (MeCN) with 99.8% purity, methanol (98% purity), sodium chloride (NaCl) of 98% purity and anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) with 98% purity and primary secondary amine (PSA) with a purity of 99% were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) through the supplier AS Scientific Supplies Sdn. Bhd (Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia).
6
Immunoassay Development for Organochlorine Pesticides
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Endosulfan, toxaphene, chlordane, heptachlor, hypoxanthine aminopterin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA), carbodiimide (EDC), Freund’s complete adjuvant, Freund’s incomplete adjuvant, chloroauric acid (HAuCl3·4H2O), trisodium citrate, thymidine medium (HAT) and hypoxanthine-thymidine medium (HT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and Freund’s complete and incomplete adjuvant were acquired from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Immunogen and coating antigen were prepared in our laboratory. All other reagents were acquired from the National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
The microplate reader (1201–7044) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China) Co., Ltd. (USA). The CT300 CNC strip cutting machine, HM3030 XYZ three-dimensional dispensing platform, ZQ3500 CNC fast chopping machine were obtained from shanghai Kinbio Tech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was obtained from Thermo Fischer Scientific (USA).
The microplate reader (1201–7044) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China) Co., Ltd. (USA). The CT300 CNC strip cutting machine, HM3030 XYZ three-dimensional dispensing platform, ZQ3500 CNC fast chopping machine were obtained from shanghai Kinbio Tech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was obtained from Thermo Fischer Scientific (USA).
7
Synthesis of Diatomaceous Earth Particles
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Endosulfan (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethanol (absolute, 99%), sodium chloride (NaCl), and ammonium hydroxide solution (concentrated, 25%, w/V) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, United States).
DE samples were gathered from the Çaldıran district of Van province. DE was extracted about 5 cm deep from the surface to prevent contaminations originating from the surface. The DE was granulated and sieved at 230 mesh. After mixing 100 g of DE inside pure water (1.7 L) on the rotator at 200 rpm for 10 h, it was allowed to form sediment for 12 h to separate the solid phase from the aqueous phase. The supernatant was removed, and precipitant (DE) was stored at 25°C until completely dry.
DE samples were gathered from the Çaldıran district of Van province. DE was extracted about 5 cm deep from the surface to prevent contaminations originating from the surface. The DE was granulated and sieved at 230 mesh. After mixing 100 g of DE inside pure water (1.7 L) on the rotator at 200 rpm for 10 h, it was allowed to form sediment for 12 h to separate the solid phase from the aqueous phase. The supernatant was removed, and precipitant (DE) was stored at 25°C until completely dry.
8
Pesticides Effects on Cell Proliferation
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Pesticides endosulfan, glyphosate, pentachlorophenol, permethrin, propoxur, and paraoxon and the metabolites AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid, from glyphosate) and endosulfan lactone (from endosulfan) as well as etoposide were purchased to Sigma-Aldrich, Mexico (Table 1 ). DMSO was purchased from ATCC. The CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation reagent from PROMEGA was used to determine cytotoxicity. The high performance chemiluminescence film kit and the Amersham HyperFilmTM ECL film from GE Healthcare were used for the protein analysis.
9
Pharmaceutical Compound Procurement and Characterization
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All chemicals, including y-aminobutyric acid (GABA; CAS number 56-12-2) and the technical standards of fluralaner (CAS number 864731-61-3), fipronil (CAS number 120068-37-3) and endosulfan (CAS number 959-98-8), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Overijse, Belgium) unless stated otherwise. Afoxolaner (CAS number 1093861-60-9) was kindly provided by Sven Geibel (Bayer, Monheim, Germany)
10
Neurotoxic Pollutants Screening in Zebrafish
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Thirty neurotoxic pollutants, from 5 chemical groups (herbicide, insecticide, metal elements, non-metal elements, and toxins) were selected (Table 1). The following compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA): acephate, acetamiprid, aldicarb, cadmium(II) sulfate (Cd), carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpyriphos, clothianidin, diazinon, dichlorvos, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, fenitrothion, malathion, manganese(II) chloride (Mn), mercury(II) chloride (Hg), lead(II) nitrate (Pb), permethrin, selenium dioxide (Se), sodium fluoride (fluorine), thiamethoxam and β-cyfluthrin. Atrazine and deltamethrin were purchased from Riedel-de Haën (Germany). Dinotefuran and fenvalerate were purchased from Supelco™ Analytical (USA). Glyphosate was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA), whereas domoic acid, okadaic acid and saxitoxin were purchased from Cifga lab SA (Spain). CAS numbers of each chemical are provided in Table 1. Stock solutions of each compound were prepared on the day of the experiment. Solutions were either prepared directly in fish water or in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), according to compound solubility.
Experimental solutions were prepared in fish water from the stock solutions.
DMSO was added to all conditions, including control, to a final concentration of 0.1%, which has been previously found not to affect larvae behavior (Faria et al., 2019c) .
Experimental solutions were prepared in fish water from the stock solutions.
DMSO was added to all conditions, including control, to a final concentration of 0.1%, which has been previously found not to affect larvae behavior (Faria et al., 2019c) .
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