Fish oil from menhaden

Benzo(a)pyrene (BP), benz(a)anthracene (BA), chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DBA) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IP) was obtained from Absolute Standards (Hamden, CT, USA). Fish oil (from menhaden) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Materials for DNA extraction [31 (link),32 (link),33 (link),34 (link)], RNA isolation [35 (link)], and ³²postlabeling methods [31 (link),36 (link),37 (link)] have been published previously.

BP was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). MC was obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (Cat No. M294460, Toronto, ON, USA). Fish oil (from menhaden) was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). sEH inhibitors Trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-TUCB) and 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) were kindly provided by Dr. Bruce Hammock (UC, Davis). CYP1B1 antibody was generously provided by Dr. Colin Jefcoate (University of Wisconsin-Madison). GRP78 polyclonal antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cat. No. ab21685, Waltham, MA, USA). Materials for DNA extraction [80 (link),81 (link),82 (link),83 (link)], RNA extraction [84 (link)], and ³²P-postlabeling analysis [80 (link),85 (link),86 (link)] have been reported previously.

The five UV stabilizers, namely UV326 (>98%), UV327 (>98%), UV328 (>98%), UV329 (>98%), and UV531 (>98%), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Detailed information regarding the five target chemicals is presented in Table 1. Fish oil from menhaden was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, and water) used in this study were of analytical grade. Medical-grade polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets (thickness = 1 mm, density = 1170 kg m⁻³) were purchased from Specialty Silicone Products, Inc. (Ballston Spa, NY, USA). The PDMS sheets were cut into disks (diameter = 6 mm) to determine the partition constants. The custom-cut PDMS disks and sheets were cleaned using n-hexane, followed by methanol for 2 h each and stored in methanol until use.