Pi525

We used ELISA kits to measure NKA activity (MBS7245054, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), ADP/ATP ratio (MAK135-1KT, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, VT, USA), NAD(P)H activity (ab186031, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), NF-κB activity (ABIN6958236, Antibodyies, Limerick, ME, USA), and SOD activity (S0101, Beyotime, Shanghai, China). For part II, we used Norepinephrine Assay Kit (H096, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) to measure the NE levels in the plasma. The levels of oxidative stress-related indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA, S0131, Beyotime), glutathione (GSH, S0073, Beyotime), oxidized glutathione (GSSH, S0053, Beyotime), and catalase (CAT, S0082, Beyotime) in the PVN, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β (PI303, Beyotime), MCP-1 (PC128, Beyotime), IL-6 (PI328, Beyotime), IL-10 (PI525, Beyotime), TNF-α (PT516, Beyotime), IL-8 (MBS9141543, MyBioSource), and IL-4 (BMS628, Thermo Fisher, Waltham, US) were also measured by ELISA kits (32).

The inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) according to the instructions. The interleukin 6 (IL-6) (MM-0190R2, MEIMIAN, China), IL-10 (PI525, Beyotime, China), IL-1β (MM-0099R2, MEIMIAN, China), and TNF-α (MM-0180R2, MEIMIAN, China) were used for evaluating the level of inflammation in serum. The OD was measured at 450 nm by a microplate reader (CMaxPlus, Molecular Devices, USA). Their concentration was directly proportional to the OD (450 nm) value, which was calculated by plotting a standard curve.