Thermocline for windows

A Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA) (Newport Scientific, Sydney, Australia) was used to study the pasting behavior of wheat flour-YP blends. The flour samples (3.5 g at 14% moisture basis) were weighed directly in RVA aluminum pans, and distilled water was added to 28 g as total weight. The suspension was loaded in RVA and stirred. Then speed was decreased. The obtained slurry was equilibrated after that heated; it was then held. The suspension was cooled and then grabbed. Thermocline® for Windows (Newport Scientific, Sydney, Australia) was used for processing viscosity data (Mahmood et al., 2018 ).

Pasting characteristics of the treated flour were determined according to ICC No 162 method. Rapid visco analyser (RVA) series 4 (RVA; series 4, Newport Scientific P.T.V., Warriewood, Australia) with the aid of thermocline for Windows (version 1.1. Software, 1996) was used for the analysis. The 12‐min profile was used for all the analyses. It consists of idle temp of 50°C for 1 min, then 50–95°C in 3 min 45 sec, held at 95°C for 2 min 30 sec, cooled to 50°C over 3 min 45 sec, finally, held at 50°C for 2 min. Two paddle speeds of 960 rpm for the first 10 sec followed by 150 rpm were employed for the remaining duration of the test cycle. The weight per sample used for each analysis was calculated from the formula:
$\text{Corrected sample weight for RVA}(S)=\frac{A\times 100}{100-M}$
$(W)=25+(A-S)$
where A = weight of flour sample: using the RVA manual as a guide.
S = corrected sample weight.
M = actual moisture content of the sample.
W = volume of water used.

The pasting properties of brown rice were evaluated by employing Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA, Model 3D; Newport Scientific, Warriewood, NSW, Australia) with the Thermocline for Windows software (version 1.2). The flour (3g, 12% moisture basis) samples were homogenized in 25 g distilled water. The “standard 1” program was used; the temperature profile is as follows: 50 °C temperature for 1 min and subsequently raised at 12 °C min⁻¹ to 95 °C, then further held at the same temperature for 2.5 min, and then decreased at 12 °C min⁻¹ to 50 °C, and held for 2 min. The viscosity was presented as Rapid Visco Unit (RVU). The parameters for pasting included PV, HPV, CPV, BD, and SB and were derived from the software.