Sodium carbonate and bicarbonate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Sodium carbonate and bicarbonate are inorganic chemical compounds that serve as key laboratory reagents. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is a white, crystalline solid, while sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a white, crystalline powder. These compounds are widely used in various chemical and biological applications due to their ability to regulate pH, act as buffers, and participate in numerous reactions.

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Sodium carbonate (1294 citations) Sodium bicarbonate (1275 citations) Carbonate-bicarbonate (7 citations)

4 protocols using sodium carbonate and bicarbonate

Optimized Insulin Immunoassay Protocol

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Dibasic and monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, bovine insulin, and Tween-20 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide were obtained from EMD Chemicals (San Diego, CA). Nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and hydrogen peroxide were obtained from Macron Fine Chemicals, and sulfuric acid was from J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA). For all solutions and sample preparation, ultrapure deionized water was used (NANOpure Diamond TM deionization system, Barnstead International, Inc., Dubuque, IA).
The following reagents were utilized for the insulin immunoassay. Monoclonal antibody (Ab) for the C-terminal of human insulin was obtained from Meridian Life Science, Inc. (Torrance, CA). For production of Cy5-labeled insulin (Ins*) Cy5 monofunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide ester was obtained from GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences (Piscataway, NJ). The methodology for labeling bovine insulin has been described previously [7 (link)] and was performed according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.

Mukhitov N., Yi L., Schrell A.M, & Roper M.G. (2014). Optimization of A Microfluidic Electrophoretic Immunoassay Using a Peltier Cooler. Journal of chromatography. A, 1367, 154-160.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposite Materials

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Ferric chloride (FeCl₃, with 99.8% purity, Fisher Chemical), Arsenic (III) oxide, (As₂O₃), Manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO₄ H₂O) ≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), Hydrochloric acid (37 %) and sodium hydroxide pellets (98 %) were supplied by Fluka (Germany). Resorcinol (Panreac, 99%), formaldehyde (Adwic, 36–38%), methanol (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), sodium carbonate and bicarbonate (POCH SA, 99%) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) as an anionic surfactant were purchased and used without prior purification. A Laboratory-made multiwalled carbon nanotube sample (CNT) with outer diameters ranging from 22 to 66 nm and a specific surface area of 35 m²/g has been used in the current study. The CNT sample was prepared by chemical vapor deposition of camphor as a carbon source onto hydrothermally treated rice straw catalyst support loaded with iron and nickel oxides for 30 min at 850 °C, as reported elsewhere (Fathy, 2017 ).

Embaby M.A., Abdel Moniem S.M., Fathy N.A, & El-kady A.A. (2021). Nanocarbon hybrid for simultaneous removal of arsenic, iron and manganese ions from aqueous solutions. Heliyon, 7(10), e08218.

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Nanoparticle-Based Cytotoxicity Evaluation

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Chemical reagents used: gold chloride(iii) trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O); sodium hexachloroplatinate hexahydrate (Na₂PtCl₆·6H₂O); hexachloroplatinic acid (H₂PtCl₆); sodium rhodizonate (C₆Na₂O₆); sodium hydroxide (NaOH); ascorbic acid (C₆H₈O₆); thiolated carboxylic-polyethylene 4α; sulfanyl-ω carboxy PEG (HS-PEG-COOH, 5 kDa); hydrogen peroxide 30% (H₂O₂); bovine serum albumin (BSA); Triton X-100; methyl alcohol (MeOH); anti-phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) antibody, clone JBW301; anti-mouse IgG (H + L), CF™ 633 antibody produced in goat; staurosporine; sodium carbonate and bicarbonate and TBS (tris buffered saline) were purchased from Merck & Co., Inc. (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Hoechst 33 258 was purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
For biological experiments the following materials were used: EMEM; trypsin EDTA solution C; water, cell culture grade; phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and fetal calf serum from Biological Industries (Beth Haemek, Israel). The CellTiter96® AQueous One Solution Reagent (MTS compound) from Promega (Mannheim, Germany). HepG2 cells were obtained from the American Type Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) and cultured according to the ATCC protocol. For experimental applications, over 80% confluent cells were used. All solutions were prepared with ultrapure deionized water (18.2 MΩ cm, Hydrolab, Straszyn, Poland).

Wawrowicz K., Żelechowska-Matysiak K., Majkowska-Pilip A., Wierzbicki M, & Bilewicz A. (2023). Platinum nanoparticles labelled with iodine-125 for combined “chemo-Auger electron” therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanoscale Advances, 5(12), 3293-3303.

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Fluorescent Labeling of Protein Thiols

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Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), monosodium and disodium phosphates, Tris, Pipes, DTT, PMSF, Zincon, diamide, and dibromobimane (DBB, spacer arm, 4.88 Å [50 (link)]) were from Sigma. Tris(2-maelimidoethyl)amine, (TMEA, spacer arm, 10.3 Å) and bismaleimidohexane (BMH, spacer arm, 13.0 Å) were from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Monobromobimane (MBB, sc-214629) and (+)-Biotin-(PEO)3-iodoacetamide (biotinylated iodoacetamide, Iac-B) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Citric acid, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, 2-mercaptoethanol, and EDTA were obtained from Merck. Precision Plus-Dual Color protein standards and Sypro Ruby were from BioRad. The biotinylated analog of 15-deoxy-Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J₂ (15d-PGJ₂-B) was from Cayman Chemical. No unexpected or unusually high safety hazards were encountered throughout this work.

Mónico A., Guzmán-Caldentey J., Pajares M.A., Martín-Santamaría S, & Pérez-Sala D. (2021). Molecular Insight into the Regulation of Vimentin by Cysteine Modifications and Zinc Binding. Antioxidants, 10(7), 1039.

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