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4 protocols using α iκbα

1

Measuring IκBα Degradation in HEK 293 Cells

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HEK 293 cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, penicillin/streptomycin, and 2 mM L-glutamine. Confluent cells were split at 1:12 into 6-well plates and used for experiments on day 3. Untreated and oxidized ligands were added to cells to final concentrations of 200 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL for LTα and TNF respectively, and incubated for 20 minutes at 37 °C. Cells were then washed once and gently sheared from the plate with ice-cold PBS, then centrifuged and resuspended in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer. Cell lysates were normalized to equal protein concentrations, and 60 µg were loaded onto 4–12% Bis-Tris gradient gels for Western blot analysis. IκBα was detected using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated rabbit α-IκBα (Cell Signaling Technology, #9242, 1:1000) and α-Rabbit IgG (Amersham, 1:10,000). Full gels are shown in Supplementary Fig. 16.
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2

Investigating Cell-Cell Adhesion Regulators

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The following antibodies were used in this study: αVE-cadherin XP (#2500), αRhoA (#2117), αRhoC (#3430), αCullin-3 (#2759), αp44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) (#9102), αpMLC2 Ser19 (#3671), αGAPDH (#2118), αIκBα (#4841) and αpp65 (#93H1) (all from Cell Signaling Technology); αRhoB (#sc-8048 and #sc-180), αCullin-1 (#sc-17775), αICAM (#sc-8439) (all from Santa Cruz Biotechnology); αCullin-2 (#610778) and αp38 (#61268) (BD Transduction Laboratories) and αpp38 (#09–272) (Millipore).
Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit and anti-mouse antibodies (Dako) were used as secondary antibodies for western blotting. For immunofluorescent staining DAPI (Thermo Fisher scientific), Alexa 488-secondary antibody (anti-rabbit and anti-mouse, Invitrogen) and Acti-stain 670 phalloidin (Cytoskeleton) were used.
The following inhibitors and cytokines were used in this study: CSN5i-3 (Novartis), MLN4924 (Active Biochem), Y27632 (#Y0503) (Sigma), TNF-α (#300-01 A) (PeproTech), BAY11-7085 (Cayman Chemical).
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3

Apoptosis Induction Assay Protocol

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Chemicals and cytokines used were staurosporine, cycloheximide, doxorubicin, DAPI, H2O2, Nutlin-3, polybrene, propidium-iodide, doxocycline, puromycin (all Sigma), AnnexinV–APC, AnnexinV-488, 7-AAD (Biolegend), etoposide, camptothecin (Alexis). Antibodies: α-IκBα (#9242), α-PARP1 (#9532), α-GAPDH (#2118), α-Histone H3 (Ser10) (#9701), α-γH2A.X (#2577), pChk1 Ser345 (#2341), Chk1 (#2345) (Cell Signaling); α-p53 (sc-6243), α-tubulin (sc-32293) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); α-PDCD5 (Proteintech); α-LaminB1 (gift from Peter Gruber); α-Flag (M2) (Sigma), α-p21 (#554262) (BD Pharmingen); α-rabbit AlexaFluor 488 (Invitrogen), goat α-rabbit HRP, goat α-mouse HRP (Dako). SiRNA targeting human PDCD5 (5′-CUAAAGCAGUAGAGAAUUATT-3′) was synthesised by Microsynth and transfected into 293T cells using Metafectene (Biontex) according to the manufacturer′s instructions.
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4

Measuring IκBα Degradation in HEK 293 Cells

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HEK 293 cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, penicillin/streptomycin, and 2 mM L-glutamine. Confluent cells were split at 1:12 into 6-well plates and used for experiments on day 3. Untreated and oxidized ligands were added to cells to final concentrations of 200 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL for LTα and TNF respectively, and incubated for 20 minutes at 37 °C. Cells were then washed once and gently sheared from the plate with ice-cold PBS, then centrifuged and resuspended in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer. Cell lysates were normalized to equal protein concentrations, and 60 µg were loaded onto 4–12% Bis-Tris gradient gels for Western blot analysis. IκBα was detected using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated rabbit α-IκBα (Cell Signaling Technology, #9242, 1:1000) and α-Rabbit IgG (Amersham, 1:10,000). Full gels are shown in Supplementary Fig. 16.
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