Sodium bicarbonate

Yeast Peptone Dextrose (YPD) and Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium, analytical reagent of pepsin, trypsin, and bile extract were obtained from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Analytical reagent of citric acid, HPLC-grade of acetic acid, formic acid, and concentrated hydrochloric acid were purchased from MACKLIN (Shanghai, China). Analytical reagent of L-tyrosine, Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, casein, pyrogallol, glucose, sodium chloride, rutin, dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl aminomethane (Tris) were purchased from Sangon biotech (Shanghai, China). Phenolic and organic acid standards were purchased from Solarbio (Solarbio, Beijing, China), with the purity ≥98%. Deionized water was produced by a Milli-Q water purification system (Rephily RS2200QUV purist water system, Shanghai, China).

The Rhodotorula glutinis SRY strain was isolated and maintained by the Food Microbiology Team, Agro-Processing Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Protein, yeast extract powder, agar powder, sodium chloride, glucose, concentrated hydrochloric acid, acetone, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate were all purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; vitamin B1 was purchased from Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; soybean oil was purchased from Yihai Kerry Arawana Holdings Co, Ltd. and TWW is taken from the local market.