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Toc 5 total organic carbon analyzer

Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in United Kingdom, Japan

The TOC-V total organic carbon analyzer is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the total organic carbon content in various samples, such as water, soil, or wastewater. It provides precise and reliable analysis of organic carbon levels.

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5 protocols using toc 5 total organic carbon analyzer

1

Groundwater Characterization at Outflow

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The physical and chemical parameters of the groundwater were measured at the groundwater outflow of the deep well. Temperature was measured with a CT-460WR thermometer (Custom, Tokyo, Japan). Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH were measured with RM-20P and HM-20P portable meters (DKK-TOA, Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Electric conductivity (EC) was measured with a CM-21P portable meter (DKK-TOA). Concentrations of natural gas were determined on a GC-2014 gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a flame ionization detector (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) following the procedures described by Matsushita et al. [10 (link)].
The concentrations of anions (Cl, Br, I, F, PO43−, NO3, SO42−, HCO3, acetate, and formate) and cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and NH4+) in the groundwater were analyzed with an ICS-1500 ion chromatography system (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Sulfide was analyzed by a sulfide ion detector (Gastech, Ayase-Shi, Kanagawa, Japan). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the groundwater filtered through pre-combusted GF/F glass microfiber filters (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) was measured with a TOC-V total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu).
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2

Water Chemistry and Temperature Profiles

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Water chemistry samples and temperature profiles were collected twice during summer 2013 and three times during summer 2014. Water samples were taken using a Van Dorn bottle at three points in the epilimnion (bottom, middle, top) after which the pooled samples were filtered through 0.7‐μm GF/F filters, and DOC concentrations were measured using a Shimadzu TOC‐V total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Kyoto, Japan). Total phosphorous was measured using a colorimetric assay following a persulfate digestion (Menzel & Corwin, 1965). Chlorophyll a was measured through a fluorometric method after a methanol extraction (Welschmeyer, 1994). The temperature profiles were taken with a YSI Pro 20 polarigraphic sensor (Yellow Springs Instruments, U.S.A.), and thermocline depth was calculated as the point at which the change in temperature with depth was most rapid.
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3

Quantifying Algicide Potency Across Batches

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Four batches of algicide were used for experiments, labeled Batch 3, Batch 4–5–6, Batch 7, and Batch 8, following methods used by Grasso27 . For each batch, a single colony of Shewanella sp. IRI-160 was transferred from a modified LM medium plate to liquid LM medium for overnight growth, then inoculated into f/2 with 0.05% casamino acids and incubated for 10 days at room temperature with bubbling. Bacteria and other compounds greater than 60 kDa in size were filtered out using a HemoFlow HF80S 60 kDa dialysis cartridge (Fresenius Medical Care, Waltham, MA), creating a batch of sterile filtered exudate referred to as IRI-160AA. Samples of the algicide were diluted with ultrapure water, then total nitrogen (TN) was measured with a TOC-V total organic carbon analyzer equipped with a Total Nitrogen Measuring Unit (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). The algicide has approximately 5.02 mg/L TN. The 24-h EC50 for K. veneficum differed among batches but was always close to 1% (actual EC50s ranged from 0.93% in Batch 4–5–6 to 1.5% in Batch 3), thus a 1% concentration of the algicide was included in all invertebrate assays27 . Animals were also exposed to a media control to ensure mortality was due to the algicide.
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4

Biodegradation Assessment of 14C-CPC

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The OECD 310 Guideline was used to design the biodegradation experiments performed (OECD, 2014), as outlined in more detail in the Supporting Information. In brief, 14 C-CPC was added to 50 mL mineral medium in 125 mL borosilicate glass serum bottles containing appropriate amounts of sorbent. Vessels were left standing for 2 h to allow CPC to equilibrate between medium and sorbent. Thereafter, 50 mL of mineral medium containing 20 mL/L of inoculum was added to all test vessels, resulting in a 64 mL headspace and an inoculum concentration of 10 mL/L. Vessels were incubated under orbital shaking (100 rpm) in HT Multitron incubators (Infors AG, Bottmingen, Switzerland) at 22.0 ± 1.0 °C.
Sodium benzoate (C 7 H 5 O 2 .Na) was used as reference substrate at a concentration of 17 mg/L, corresponding with ~10 mg C /L. After incubation bottles were injected with 1 mL 7 M NaOH and shaken for 60 min, after which contents of each bottle were divided over three 20 mL vials. Benzoate biodegradation was quantified by triplicate IC measurements on a TOC-V total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu Ltd., Milton Keynes, UK). IC in blanks was subtracted from IC in test vessels to control for background IC production. Biodegradation was determined by comparing IC production with organic carbon in the spiked concentration.
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5

Comprehensive Seawater Analysis Protocol

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We measured concentrations of DOC by a high-temperature oxidation method using a TOC-V total organic carbon analyzer, Shimadzu, with potassium hydrogen phthalate as internal standard. For pH measurements in seawater, we used an iodine/iodate electrode from SCHOTT Instruments (IL Micro pHT-A). The electrode was calibrated using standard buffer solutions to DIN 19 266 (SI Analytics GmbH, Mainz, Germany). pH was thus determined on the NBS scale. The Fe concentrations of the samples were analyzed by ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies 7700 ×, Waldbronn, Germany). We monitored 56Fe, using He as a collision cell gas to account for polyatomic interferences. In addition to Fe, the following trace metals were monitored: 27Al, 47Ti, 55Mn, 63Cu, 64Zn, 75As, 139La, 140Ce and 208Pb. The results revealed that the concentrations of these competing metals in the NOM samples were significantly lower than the concentration of Fe. Iron was in parallel detected in the samples by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) using a PinAAcle 900Z (PerkinElmer) after microwave digestion. Anion concentrations (sulfate and chloride) were analyzed by Ion Chromatography (DIONEX ICS-1000).
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