3 mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in China

(3-Mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane is a silane coupling agent used to modify the surface of various materials, such as glass, metals, and ceramics. It contains a mercapto group (-SH) and three methoxy groups (-OCH3) that can form covalent bonds with organic and inorganic substrates, respectively.

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10 protocols using 3 mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

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Ammonium hydroxide (28.0–30.0 wt%, NH₃), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, 98.0%), and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS, 95.0%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Shanghai, China). Ethylene glycol (EG, 99.0%) was from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw = 40,000) and octylamine (OA, 99.5%) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anhydrous ethanol (99.5%) was from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99.8%) from Guanghua Sci-Tech Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). Thiram was purchased from J&K scientific (Beijing, China). All chemicals and reagents were used as received without further purification. Deionized (DI) water was purified by a Milli-Q water filtration system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). Apple juice (Huiyuan) was purchased from a local supermarket in Beijing.

Zhang C., Xu J, & Chen Y. (2020). Preparation of Monolayer Photonic Crystals from Ag Nanobulge-Deposited SiO2 Particles as Substrates for Reproducible SERS Assay of Trace Thiol Pesticide. Nanomaterials, 10(6), 1205.

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Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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Chloro(triethylphosphine) gold (I) (Et₃PAuCl, 97%) and HAuCl₄ was purchased from Gelest Inc. Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS, Mn = 1700–3300), triethylamine (TEA, 98%), sodium citrate (99.5%), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), D-(+)-Glucose (99.5%), sodium borohydride, silver nitrate (99%), L(+)-Ascorbic acid (reagent grade), ACS grade acetonitrile (CH₃CN, 99.9%), and methanol (99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. (3-Mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS, 94%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Ethanol (200 proof) was purchased from Decon labs. Thiolated polyethylene glycols were purchased from purePEG. Thiol modified 3’-SH-(CH₂)₃-ssDNAs, microRNAs, and RNase H enzyme were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies. All chemicals were used without further purifications. RNase free sterile water was obtained from Baxter Healthcare Corporation. 18×18 mm glass coverslips were purchased from Fisher Scientific. RBS 35 Detergent was obtained from Thermo Scientific and used as received. No-bottom 96-multiwell plates were purchased from Greiner Bio-One. Krazy Glue was purchased from Office Depot. All water was purified using a Thermo Scientific Barnstead Nanopure system. Thiol modified -ssDNAs, microRNAs, and patient samples were stored at −80 °C. PBS buffer (pH = 7.2) was prepared using RNase free sterile water. Ethanol was purged with N₂ for 30 min prior to use.

Xu X., van Lammeren A.A., Vermeer E, & Vreugdenhil D. (1998). The Role of Gibberellin, Abscisic Acid, and Sucrose in the Regulation of Potato Tuber Formation in Vitro. Plant Physiology, 117(2), 575-584.

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Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Coatings

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Chemicals: AgNO₃ (ACS, 99.9 + %, metal basis), oleic acid (OA; tech., 90%), and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTS, 95%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Oleylamine (OAm; 70%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ammonium bromide (NH₄Br; ACS reagent, > 99.0%) was purchased from Honeywell Fluka. Toluene (99.5%), ethanol (95.0%), and isopropanol (IPA; 99.5%) were purchased from Samchun. PET films with thicknesses of 50–250 μm (SKC) were used as the flexible substrate.

Ahn J., Choi H.J., Bang J., Son G, & Oh S.J. (2022). Ink-lithographic fabrication of silver-nanocrystal-based multiaxial strain gauge sensors through the coffee-ring effect for voice recognition applications. Nano Convergence, 9, 46.

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Synthesis of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

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Ferric chloride hexahydrate (99%), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (99%), dextran (DX) (M.w. 20,000), zinc chloride (99%), silver nitrate (99.8%), oleylamine (OLA) (70%), benzyl ether (98%), octylphenyl-polyethylene glycol (IGEPAL CA-630), poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic andydride) (PBMA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Glutathione (GSH) (98%), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) (25% solution in methanol), iron(III) acetylacetonate (99%), myristic acid (MA) (99.5%) were purchased from Acros Organics; sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (98%), indium acetate (99.99%), polyethyleneimine (PEI) (99%, M.w. 10,000), zinc acetate (99.98%), copper(I) iodide (99.998%), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) (99%), 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) (97%), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) (98%), dodecylamine (DDA) (98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar, 3-glycidyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GOPTS) (95%) was from TCI America. All chemical and organic solvents were obtained commercially as analytical-graded materials without further purification.

Koktysh D.S, & Pham W. (2019). A Combinatorial Approach for the Fabrication of Magneto-Optical Hybrid Nanoparticles. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 14, 9855-9863.

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Functionalized silica-based biosensor synthesis

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Ni-NTA agarose was purchased from QIAGEN. Phosphate buffer saline solutions (abridged as PBS; concentration 0.1 mol L⁻¹, pH = 8.0; concentration 0.01 mol L⁻¹, pH = 7.4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, America. 3-Glycidyloxy-propyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and iminodiacetic acid (IDA) were purchased from Aladdin. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was from Tianjin Fuchen Chemicals. 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) was supplied from Alfa-Aesar. Hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was from Sinopharm Chemicals. Triethanolamine (TEA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (denoted as EDTA), absolute alcohol and aqueous ammonia (28 wt%) were purchased from Tianjin Kermel Chemicals.

Zou X., Zhang Y., Yuan J., Wang Z., Zeng R., Li K., Zhao Y, & Zhang Z. (2020). A porous nano-adsorbent with dual functional groups for selective binding proteins with a low detection limit. RSC Advances, 10(39), 23270-23275.

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Gold-Based Biosensor for miRNA Detection

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Chloro(triethylphosphine) gold(I) (Et 3 PAuCl, 97%) was purchased from Gelest Inc. Poly-(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS, M n = 1700-3300), triethylamine (TEA, 98%), ACS grade acetonitrile (CH 3 CN, 99.9%), and 3-mercapto-1-propanol (3-MP, 95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Thiol modified 5′-SH-(CH 2 ) 3 -ssDNAs, and various microRNAs were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT). RNase H enzyme and RBS detergent solution were purchased from Thermo Scientific. (3-Mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS, 94%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. All the chemicals were used without any further purifications. RNase free sterile water was obtained from Baxter Healthcare Corporation. The glass cover slips and the tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) solution were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Bladder cancer patient plasma samples were obtained from the Indiana University medical school and used as received. All water was purified using a Thermo Scientific Barnstead Nanopure system. Thiol modified -ssDNAs, microRNAs were stored at -80 °C. PBS buffer ( pH = 7.2) was prepared using RNase-free sterile water. All experiments were performed in accordance with the Guidelines of the United States and approved by the ethics committee at Indiana University. Informed consents were obtained from human participants of this study.

Masterson AN ., Liyanage T ., Berman C ., Kaimakliotis H ., Johnson M , & Sardar R . (2020). A novel liquid biopsy-based approach for highly specific cancer diagnostics: mitigating false responses in assaying patient plasma-derived circulating microRNAs through combined SERS and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence analyses. The Analyst, 145(12).

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PEG-NB Hydrogel Photopolymerization

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PEG-NB hydrogels were polymerized using established methods^{73 (link)}. The hydrogel prepolymer solution was created by combining 5 wt% 8-arm, 40 kg/mol PEG-NB, dithiothreitol (DTT; Sigma-Aldrich), 0.05 wt% LAP, and 2 mM of CGRGDS peptide in sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.2; Life Technologies). Glass cover slips (18 mm; Fisher Scientific) were silanated with (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (Acros Organics) using a liquid-deposition technique^{74 (link)}. Hydrogels were photopolymerized in 90 μL drops placed between hydrophobic glass slides treated with SigmaCote (Sigma-Aldrich) and silanated 18 mm cover slips under 365 nm light at 10 mW/cm² for 5 min. Hydrogels were then swollen in complete medium at 37 °C overnight prior to use in experiments.

Stancil I.T., Michalski J.E., Davis-Hall D., Chu H.W., Park J.A., Magin C.M., Yang I.V., Smith B.J., Dobrinskikh E, & Schwartz D.A. (2021). Pulmonary fibrosis distal airway epithelia are dynamically and structurally dysfunctional. Nature Communications, 12, 4566.

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Tunable Hydrogel Scaffolds for Fibroblast Culture

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Hydrogel precursor solutions prepared with 2 mM CGRGDS (RGD; GL Biochem, Boston, MA), 8 arm, 10 kg mol⁻¹ PEG-αMA, and the DTT:MMP2-degradable crosslinker ratios described in table 2 with a 0.375 ratio of crosslinker to PEG-αMA backbone in sterile pH 8.0 HEPES. Glass coverslips were coated with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ) following a liquid deposition silanation technique [38 ]. Hydrogel precursor (90 μl) was placed between a Sigma-cote (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO)-treated glass microscope slide and a silanated glass coverslip. Initial polymerization occurred spontaneously using pH 8.0 HEPES as solvent. Polymerized hydrogels were swollen in media made from Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12 1:1 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U ml⁻¹ penicillin, 100 μg ml⁻¹ streptomycin, and 2.5 μg ml⁻¹ amphotericin B (Gibco), with 2.2 mM LAP overnight at 37 °C. Stiffening was initiated by exposure to 10 mW cm⁻² 365 nm light for five minutes.
Primary human lung fibroblast (HLF; passage 3; ATCC PCS-201–013, Manassas, VA) metabolic activity was assessed using PrestoBlue Cell Viability Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 per manufacturer’s instructions.

Davis-Hall D., Thomas E., Peña B, & Magin C.M. (2022). 3D-bioprinted, phototunable hydrogel models for studying adventitial fibroblast activation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biofabrication, 15(1), 10.1088/1758-5090/aca8cf.

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Recombinant Protein-Coated Microspheres and RBCs

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The recombinant protein-coated microspheres and red blood cells (RBCs) were prepared according to previously published methods.^{60 (link)–64 (link)} Briefly, for force-clamp assay, borosilicate glass microspheres (Cat. #9002, Thermo Fisher) were first chemically modified with -SH group through 3-mercapto-propyl-trimethoxysilane (Cat. #175617, Sigma-Aldrich), then incubated with streptavidin-maleimide (Cat. #S9415, Sigma-Aldrich) overnight in 200 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 6.7) at room temperature (RT). For the adhesion frequency assay, human RBCs were directly reacted with biotin-PEG3500-NHS (Cat. #62717, JenKem, China) at RT for 30 min in 10 mM HEPES buffer (containing with 145 mM NaCl, roughly 300 mOsm osmotic pressure, pH = 7.4) and then coated by streptavidin in HEPES buffer containing 1% BSA at RT for 30 min. Finally, suitable biotin-labeled recombinant protein was coated on microspheres or RBCs through biotin-streptavidin reaction in HEPES buffer containing 1% BSA at RT for 30 min.

Hu W., Zhang Y., Fei P., Zhang T., Yao D., Gao Y., Liu J., Chen H., Lu Q., Mudianto T., Zhang X., Xiao C., Ye Y., Sun Q., Zhang J., Xie Q., Wang P.H., Wang J., Li Z., Lou J, & Chen W. (2021). Mechanical activation of spike fosters SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Cell Research, 31(10), 1047-1060.

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Fluorescent Hydrogel Particle Characterization

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Submicron-sized fluorescent particles (Blue 0.5μm Fluoro-Max, Thermo) were embedded within the hydrogel. The appropriate amount of beads for a 1g/L suspension in the hydrogel are pelleted, the supernatant removed, and then resuspended in the bulk polymer macromere suspension. Hydrogels are formed on a glass bottom well-plate (no. 1.5 coverslip glass; In Vitro Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA) that was plasma treated and subsequently thiol-silanized with 2 v/v% (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (Thermo) in 95% ethanol (pH 5). Hydrogels were suspended in 1x PBS at pH 7.4 and allowed to swell overnight. Fluorescent images were taken on a Zeiss Cell Observer SD (Carl Zeiss) using a 40x oil immersion objective. Analysis of bead density was manually performed in ImageJ.

Jansen L.E., Negrón-Piñeiro L.J., Galarza S, & Peyton S.R. (2018). Control of Thiol-Maleimide Reaction Kinetics in PEG Hydrogel Networks. Acta biomaterialia, 70, 120-128.

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