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13 protocols using milli q academic ultra pure water system

1

Standardization of Shuxuening Injection

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Ten reference compounds including clitorin, rutinum, isoquercitin, quercetin-3-O-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, kaempferol-7-O-β-D- glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-Glucoside, quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-p-hydroxyl-E-couMaroyl) -D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhaMnoside, quercetin, 3-O-{2-O-[6-O-(p-hydroxyl-E-coumaroyl)-glucosyl]-(1-2)rhamnosyl} kaempferol were purchased from Chengdu Must Bio. Sci. and Tec. Co. Ltd. (Chengdu, China). 20 batches of Shuxuening injection were obtained from Shineway Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Shijiazhuang, China). A Milli-Q Academic ultra-pure water system purchased from Milford (Millipore, USA) supplied deionized water which was utilized for the preparation of sample and buffer solution. Acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol (MeOH) were from Merck (Chromatographic, Germany) and ABTS and potassium persulfate were from Sigma (Analytical, USA). The other chemicals were analytical reagents.
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2

Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Compounds

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Reference standards including protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and luteolin were obtained from Chengdu Desite Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The other five reference substances were isolated and purified from VF extract by our laboratory and were identified by IR, HPLC-MS and H-NMR spectroscopy. The purities of all compounds were not less than 98%. Beta (40, SiO2/Al2O3 ratio), Beta (100, SiO2/Al2O3 ratio), ZSM-22 (70, SiO2/Al2O3 ratio), ZSM-35 (60, SiO2/Al2O3 ratio) and ZSM-5 (300 nm) were supplied from Nanjing JI Cang Nano Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Alumina-A was supplied from Welch Materials (Shanghai, China). ODS C18 (50 μm, 60A) was supplied from Agela technologies. HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was obtained from Concord Technology (Tianjin, China). HPLC-grade methanol (MeOH) was obtained from Fisher (Leicestershire, UK). LC-MS/HPLC-grade formic acid (FA) was obtained from Anaqua Chemicals Supply (Wilmington, USA). Other reagents were of analytical grade. Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q academic ultrapure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). All reagents were filtered through a 0.22 µm nylon syringe filter for HPLC analysis.
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3

Quantification of Chlorogenic Acid Compounds

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Seven reference compounds including caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid were purchased from Chengdu Must Bio. Sci. and Tec. Co. Ltd. (Chengdu, China). 25 batches of Reduning injections were offered from Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Lianyungang, China). Deionized water used for sample preparations and buffer solutions was provided by a Milli-Q Academic ultra-pure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). Acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol were purchased from Merck (Germany). DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was purchased from Sigma (USA). All other chemicals were of reagent grade.
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4

HPLC Analysis of Bioactive Compounds

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HPLC grade acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA) and Anaqua™ Chemicals Supply (Wilmington, DE, USA), respectively. Deionized water was purified by Milli-Q academic ultra-pure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). Standard substances such as geniposidic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, geniposide, genipin, pinoresinol di-o-glucopyranoside, syringaresinol di-o-glucopyranoside, isochlorogenic acid A, pinoresinol o-glucopyranoside, and isochlorogenic acid C were purchased from Chengdu Desite Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China). The purity of all standard substances was more than 98%.
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5

HPLC Analysis of Columbianetin and Columbianadin

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Columbianetin, columbianadin, and warfarin (internal standard, IS) were supplied from National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). HPLC grade of acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Dikma technologies Inc (USA) and Tianjin concord Science Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China), respectively. The analytical grade reagents were ethyl acetate and ammonium acetate. Deionized water was purified with a Milli-Q Academic ultra-pure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA).
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6

Analytical Method for TCM Compounds

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The herb CGF and gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) were obtained from Anguo TCM market (Hebei, China) and were authenticated by Professor Lin Ma (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine). The voucher specimens were deposited at the lab of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Fresh ginger was purchased from Tianjin market. Geniposidic acid, geniposide, genipin-1-β-gentiobioside, genipin, crocin I, crocin II, crocetin, and loganin (internal standard; IS) were purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The purity of all standards was all above 98%.
Methanol, acetonitrile (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and formic acid (Tedia Company Inc., Fairfield, USA) were of chromatographic grade. Purified water produced by a Milli-Q Academic ultra-pure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA) was used in all experiments. All other reagents of analytical grade were obtained from Tianjin Concord Science Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China).
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7

Quantitative Analysis of Embelin and Emodin

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Standard reference embelin (purity ≥ 98%) and emodin (purity: 99.8%) (Figure 1) were purchased from research technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai research Biotechnology Co., LTD (Shanghai, China), and Chengdu Dest Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Chengdu, China), respectively. Methanol (Tianjin Concord Science Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China) was of HPLC grade. Phosphoric acid of analytical level was obtained from Tianjin chemical reagent supply and marketing company. Deionized water was purified using a Milli-Q Academic ultra-pure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA).
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8

Quantification of Ginsenosides by HPLC

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All chemicals were of analytical grade. Acetonitrile and methanol (J & K Scientific, Beijing, China) were of UPLC-grade. Deionized water was purified with a Milli-Q Academic ultra-pure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). Ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rf, Rh1, Rh2 and Rg3 were purchased from Beijing Science and Technology (Beijing, China). The purities of these standards were higher than 98 % according to HPLC analysis. Standard stock solutions were prepared using methanol as a solvent and stored at −20 °C. Standard solutions of ginsenosides were prepared just before use by mixing individual stock solutions and diluting these mixtures with methanol.
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9

HPLC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals

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Thirteen reference standards except for columbianadin and columbianetin acetate were obtained from Chengdu Desite Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The standards of columbianadin and columbianetin acetate were isolated and purified from APR extract by our laboratory, which were identified by H-NMR, IR, and HPLC-MS. The purity of all analytes were more than 98%. C18 (50 μm, 60 A), C18-N (50 μm, 60 A), AQ C18 (50 μm, 60 A), NH2 (40–60 μm, 60 A), COOH (50 μm, 60 A), Diol (50 μm, 60 A), Florisil (60–100 μm, 80 A), PS (40–60 μm, 70 A), PEP (40–60 μm, 70 A) and PEP-2 (40–60 μm, 60 A) were supplied from Agela technologies. HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were both provided by Dikma Technologies Inc., United States. HPLC-grade formic acid was obtained from Tedia Company Inc. (Tedia, Fairfield, OH, United States). Other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade. Ultrapure water was supplied by a Milli-Q academic ultra-pure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, United States). All the solutions were filtered through a 0.22 μm filter membrane before UPLC analysis.
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10

Analytical Method Development for Flavonoids

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Reference standards of myricitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, amentoflavone and hinokiflavone were purchased from Chengdu Desite Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., (Chengdu, China). PSA (40–60 μm, 60 A), NH2 (40–60 μm, 60 A), CN (50 μm, 60 A), COOH (50 μm, 60 A), Florisil (60–100 μm, 80 A), C8 (50 μm, 60 A), C18 (50 μm, 60 A), C18-N (50 μm, 60 A) and AQ C18 (50 μm, 60 A) were supplied from Agela Technologies. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Hmim]BF4), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Omim]BF4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim] PF6) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Omim]PF6) were purchased from Shanghai Chengjie Chemical Co., Ltd., HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Dikma Technologies Inc., United States. HPLC-grade formic acid was purchased from Tedia Company, Inc. (Tedia, Fairfield, OH, United States). Deionized water was purified from a Milli-Q academic ultra-pure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, United States). Other chemical reagents were of analytical grade. All the solutions were filtered through a 0.22 μm filter membrane before UPLC analysis.
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