Animal experiments were approved by approved by The West China Hospital of Sichuan University Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (No. 2018039A) and all the procedures were conducted as previously described,31 (link) following the guidelines for animal care and use of laboratory animals. Six-week-old female Sprague–Dawley rats (260–280 g) were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (100 and 5 mg/kg body weight, respectively) by intraperitoneal injection. An access opening was made on the occlusal surface of the left mandible first molars. Then, 0.1 mL of log-phased E. faecalis V583 and ASwalR bacterial suspensions were inoculated into pulp chamber and covered with light-cure flowable resin. Four weeks post-operation, the rats were scarified and the imaging of the rats was taken using the Quantum GX Micro-CT System (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). Rats were sedated using isoflurane (1–5%) and oxygen (2 L/min) mixture during imaging procedures. The scanning conditions were used as following: kV = 90; CT μA = 72; 360° scan time = 8 s. We analyzed the reconstructed images with Analyze 12.0 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). The values of relative periapical cavity were calculated when compared to the control groups.
Analyze 12
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States
The Analyze 12.0 is a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system designed for analytical and preparative applications. It features a modular design, allowing for customization to meet specific laboratory requirements. The system includes a pump, autosampler, column oven, and detector components to facilitate efficient separation and detection of analytes.
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Lab products found in correlation
Quantum gx, by PerkinElmer (7 mentions)
Quantum gx micro ct system, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Quantum gx micro ct, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Quantum fx micro ct, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Xtreme bi, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Quantum fx micro ct system, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Laser scanning confocal microscope, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Ivis spectrum optical imaging system, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Osirix md software, by Pixmeo (1 mentions)
Quantum fx, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Mv 112, by Flow Tech (1 mentions)
17 protocols using analyze 12
1
Rat Model of Endodontic Infection
2
Quantitative 3D Microstructural Analysis
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3D images of the rat tibias were taken using the Quantum GX Micro-CT System (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) as previously described [20 (link)]. The rats were sedated using an isoflurane (1–5%) and oxygen (2 L/min) mixture during the imaging procedures and placed in the supine position inside the cabinet. The scanning conditions were used as follows: kV = 90, CT μA = 72, and 360° scan time = 8 s. We analyzed the three-dimensional reconstruction images with Analyze 12.0 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). The bone density around the infective sites was calculated by the percent bone volume (BV) divided by total volume (TV, %).
3
Femur Bone Microstructural Analysis
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The BMD of right femur in each group (n = 6) were measured using micro-CT (Quantum FX micro-CT, Perkin Elmer, USA) using following settings: 90 kV, 180 µA, 10 mm Field of View (FOV). The femur images were reconstructed using Analyze 12.0 software (PerkinElmer, USA). The bone radiomorphometric parameters including BMD (mg/cc), percentage of bone volume/total volume (BV/TV, %), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, mm), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp, mm), trabecular number (Tb.N, mm−1) were also determined.
4
In Vivo Bone Microstructure Analysis
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Before the nude mice were sacrificed, the mice were anesthetized with 4% chloral hydrate and then examined tibia with X-rays under the mouse in vivo imager (including X-ray imaging module) (Bruker Xtreme BI, BRUKER, USA) and observed bone destruction. After the nude mice were sacrificed, the bones were soaked in ethanol. Then, we used a micro-CT scan (Quantum GX, PerkinElmer) to scan the tumor side tibia and femur and perform 3D reconstruction. Finally, we used the software (Analyze 12.0, PerkinElmer) to assess the trabecular bone microstructure with the parameters, including trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) of the scanned femurs.
5
Analyzing Femoral Trabecular Microarchitecture
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We assessed trabecular microarchitecture in the distal femur by micro-computed tomography (μCT, Quantum GX, PerkinElmer, USA). The transverse μCT slices were evaluated in an area 1–3 mm to the distal growth plate. The X-ray source was set at a voltage of 90 kVp and a current of 88 μA, with a 0.5-mm aluminum filter. The scanning angular rotation was 180。, and the volume size was set at 10 μm. The trabecular bone region was identified by semi-manually contouring the trabecular bone in the ROI with the assistance of an auto-thresholding software algorithm (Analyze 12.0, PerkinElmer). Morphometric variables were computed from the binarized images using direct, 3D techniques we assessed the bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2), trabecular bone volume (bone volume to tissue volume ratio, BV/TV; %), trabecular number (Tb. N; mm−1), and connection density (Conn.D; 1/mm3).
6
Quantifying Adipose Tissue in Rats
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After anesthesia, rats were scanned by Quantum GX microCT (PerkinElmer) with voltage at 74 kV, view imaging at 72 × 40 mm, and pixel size at 72 μm. Subcutaneous and visceral fat mass was analyzed by the software (Analyze 12.0, PerkinElmer).
7
Analyzing Femoral Trabecular Microarchitecture
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We assessed trabecular microarchitecture in the distal femur by micro-computed tomography (μCT, Quantum GX, PerkinElmer, USA). The transverse μCT slices were evaluated in an area 1–3 mm to the distal growth plate. The X-ray source was set at a voltage of 90 kVp and a current of 88 μA, with a 0.5-mm aluminum filter. The scanning angular rotation was 180。, and the volume size was set at 10 μm. The trabecular bone region was identified by semi-manually contouring the trabecular bone in the ROI with the assistance of an auto-thresholding software algorithm (Analyze 12.0, PerkinElmer). Morphometric variables were computed from the binarized images using direct, 3D techniques we assessed the bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2), trabecular bone volume (bone volume to tissue volume ratio, BV/TV; %), trabecular number (Tb. N; mm−1), and connection density (Conn.D; 1/mm3).
8
Micro-CT Analysis of Cranial Sutures
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Animal skulls were harvested and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution and scanned coronally using high-resolution micro-CT (Quantum GX, PerkinElmer). Raw image data comprised three-dimensional reconstructions and two-dimensional coronal sections of the intact mid-sagittal suture created by software (Analyze12.0, PerkinElmer) and measured the distance between the two holes on the right and left parietal bones. The Image J software was applied to analyze the gap area of the central 3-mm-long portion of the sagittal suture.2 (link) Meanwhile, the volume of newly formed bones in the expanded suture were estimated by calculating the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of the intact sagittal suture.
9
Femur Microstructure Analysis by MicroCT
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The femurs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at 4 °C for 2 days and then soaked in 75% ethanol at 4 °C before scanning and analysis. Images of the distal femurs were obtained by a Quantum GX microCT scanner (PerkinElmer, Inc., Waltham, MA). We analyzed the bone volume ratio (BS/BV), trabecular bone separation (Tb. Sp), bone mineral density (BMD), volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tb. N), and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) values by Analyze 12.0 (PerkinElmer, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).
10
Micro-CT Analysis of Rat Femur Bone
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The left femurs of the rats were fixed with 10% formalin for 24 h and scanned using a laboratory micro-CT scanner (Quantum GX; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). The basic parameters of the scanner were as follows: X-ray energy, 80 kV; current intensity, 88 μA; scan time, 14 min; pixel size, 50 μm. A total of 512 slices were scanned for each femur. Then, three-dimensional images were reconstructed by PerkinElmer Analyze 12.0 software (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) and a series of planar cross-sectional images were generated. Regions of interest were manually selected to define the subchondral bone plate and subchondral trabecular bone of the femur. The bone microstructure parameters included bone volume to tissue volume ratio (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), and trabecular thickness separation (Tb. Sp).
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