Monocrotophos

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Monocrotophos is a chemical compound utilized in various laboratory settings. It serves as a key ingredient in certain research and testing applications. The core function of Monocrotophos is to facilitate specific processes and analyses within controlled laboratory environments.

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5 protocols using monocrotophos

Quantitative Analysis of Pesticide Residues

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The certified reference materials of acephate, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, monocrotophos, phenthoate, phorate, profenofos, quinalphos, and triphenyl phosphate (TPP, internal standard) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Chem. Pvt. Ltd., India, based on the information collected on the types of pesticides used by the farmworkers. The analytical-grade formic acid was procured from Fluka Pvt. Ltd., India, and the other organic solvents, acetonitrile and methanol (pestanal-grade), were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany. Salts such as sodium chloride (anhydrous) and sodium sulfate and the analytical-grade reagent ethanol were obtained from Merck, India, and the HPLC column was procured from Agilent Technologies Pvt. Ltd., India. Water was purified with a Millipore Direct Q purification system (Lab Link, Germany).

Lari S., Vanka J., Jee B., Pandiyan A., Yamagani P., Kumar S.B., Naidu M, & Jonnalagadda P. (2023). Mitigation of pesticide residue levels in the exposed dermal regions of occupationally exposed farmworkers by use of personal protective equipment. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1232149.

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Evaluating Essential Oils' Toxicity on African Nightcrawlers

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E. eugeniae, also known as the “African nightcrawler,” was sustained in the laboratory by using cow dung. Vivekanandhan et al. (2023) (link) cultured earthworms at a constant temperature of 26°C ± 2°C. The contact filter paper test involved placing a section of filter paper on a 5-cm petri plate and evaluating different concentrations of essential oils (30, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm), as well as monocrotophos (200 ppm; a commercial pesticide) using Sigma-Aldrich Pestanal^® analytical standard. Earthworms were transferred individually onto the treated paper tissue, which was moistened with 2 mL of sterile distilled water (ddH2O). The treatments were kept in the dark at 25°C ± 1 °C for 24 h, and the mortality rate was assessed. Similarly, artificial soil composed of 16% kaolinite clay, 72% fine sand, and 12% ground sphagnum peat was used in artificial soil tests (ASTs). The tests were then analyzed to determine the mortality rate at different time points, specifically 24 h. The control group of earthworms was administered with PBS saline alone, and the entire treatment was carried out with five replicates.

Vivekanandhan P., Alahmadi T.A., Ansari M.J, & Subala S.P. (2024). Biocontrol efficacy of cajeput oil against Anopheles stephensi L. mosquito and its effect on non-target species. Frontiers in Physiology, 15, 1357411.

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Monocrotophos-Induced Oxidative Stress

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Monocrotophos (Cat no. 36173), NAC (Cat no. A7260), acetylthiocholine (ATC) (Cat no. A5751), bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Cat no. A3059), triton-X-100 (Cat no. T8787), guanidine-HCl (Cat no. 50950), H₂O₂ (Cat no.1086001000), hydroxylamine-HCl (Cat no. V800215) and potassium bromide (KBr) (Cat no. 221864) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA. 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic (DTNB), nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratory, Mumbai, India. Primary antibodies against Bax (Sc-493), Bcl-2 (Sc-783), Caspase-3 (Sc-7148), β-actin (Sc-4778) and HRP labeled secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. AmershamProtran Nitrocellulose membrane (No-10600008) was purchased from GE healthcare Life Sciences, Germany. Glassware and plastic ware used in the study were autoclaved and sterilized before use.

Singh J., Phogat A., Prakash C., Chhikara S.K., Singh S., Malik V, & Kumar V. (2021). N-Acetylcysteine Reverses Monocrotophos Exposure-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage via Mitigating Apoptosis, Inflammation and Structural Changes in Rats. Antioxidants, 11(1), 90.

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Monocrotophos Toxicity Assessment

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Monocrotophos and NAC were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, USA. 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) 2,4dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), and Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were from Sisco Research Laboratory, Mumbai, India. Glassware and plastic ware used in the study were autoclaved and sterilized before use.

Singh J., Phogat A., Prakash C., Kumar V., & Malik V. (2021). N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates Monocrotophos-induced Toxicity by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Structural Changes in Rat Liver.

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HPLC Analysis of Organophosphate Pesticides

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HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane (DCM) and toluene were supplied by Carlo Erba (Val de Reuil, France). High purity water was dispensed by a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France).
Certified reference material : dimethoate (DMT) 98%, fenthion sulfoxide (FSX) 99%, fenthion sulfone (FSN) 99%, methidathion (MTH) 98%, malathion (MAL) 99%, fenitrothion (FNT) 98%, diazinon (DIZ) 98%, pirimiphos methyl (PIM) 99.5%, fenthion (FEN)99% and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CLE) 99.5% were supplied by Cluzeau Info Labo (Saint-Foy-La-Grande, France). Individual stock solutions from each OP were made at a concentration of 100 mg/L in ACN. A stock solution mixture containing 5 mg/L of each OP was prepared in ACN and stored at 4 °C until further use.
Parathion ethyl (PE), monocrotophos (MCP), fenamiphos (FEM), 2-trifluoromethyl acrylic acid (TFMA) 98%, acetonitrile anhydrous 99.8%, ammonium acetate for HPLC 99.0% (AC), n-hexane, methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). Washed EGDMA and MAA were distilled under vacuum in order to remove inhibitors. Azo-N,N'-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) was purchased from Acros Organics (Noisy-le-Grand, France). Acetic and formic acids (AA and FA respectively) were purchased from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France).

Boulanouar S., Combès A., Mezzache S, & Pichon V. (2017). Synthesis and application of molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from vegetable oils. Journal of chromatography. A, 1513.

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