Bilateral mammograms were obtained using full-field digital mammography systems (Selenia, Lorad/Hologic, Danbury, CT, USA; Senographe 2000D, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA), except for one patient who underwent mammography before 2005 using another system (DMR, GE Medical Systems). Standard craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views were routinely obtained. Additional mammographic views were obtained as needed. Bilateral whole breast US was performed by one of 18 radiologists with one to 17 years of experience in breast imaging with knowledge of each patient’s clinical history and mammographic findings. High-resolution US was performed with either 7.5- or 12-MHz linear array transducers, selected based on their availability (HDI 5,000 or iU, Philips-Advanced Technology Laboratories, Bothell, WA, USA; Logic 9, GE Medical Systems).
Senographe 2000d
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The Senographe 2000D is a digital mammography system manufactured by GE Healthcare. It is designed to capture high-quality images of the breast for diagnostic and screening purposes. The system uses a solid-state digital detector to acquire images, which are then displayed on a computer monitor for review by healthcare professionals.
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21 protocols using senographe 2000d
1
Standardized Breast Imaging Protocol
2
Continuous Breast Adipose Composition Assessment
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All images were acquired using full-field digital mammography units (Senographe 2000D, General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI or Selenia Hologic, Hologic Inc., Malborough, MA). Standard full-field digital mammograms were acquired from mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) projections. A validated densitometry method was used to estimate a continuous BAC mass [in milligrams (mg)] score using raw (uncompressed) digital mammograms prospectively acquired and transmitted to the BAC Reading Center at UC Irvine Department of Radiological Sciences.15 (link) Intra- and inter-machine variability has been addressed before.16 (link)
3
Mammography Evaluation of Breast Lesions
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Among the 145 patients (151 lesions), 9 (15 lesions) underwent MG in other hospitals prior to admission to our center, and the mammograms of these patients were unavailable for analysis. The remaining 136 patients underwent MG in our center prior to surgery; craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique mammograms of both breasts were obtained using Senographe 2000D equipment (General Electrics, Detroit, MI, USA). The mammograms for each lesion were reviewed by three radiologists experienced in breast imaging and characterized according to mass size, characteristics, morphology and distribution of microcalcifications.
4
Digital Mammography-Based Breast Adiposity
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All images in this study were acquired using full-field digital mammography units (Senographe 2000D, General Electric Medical Systems or Selenia Hologic, Hologic Inc). Standard full-field digital mammograms were acquired from mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal projections. A new, validated densitometry method was used to estimate a continuous BAC mass (in milligrams [mg]) score using raw (uncompressed) digital mammograms [23 (link), 24 (link)]. The 0th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 100th percentile points of BAC mass (in mg) in the analytical sample of 1367 were 0, 0, 0.39, 5.68, 15.7, and 341.6. This distribution resembled the full cohort of 5145 women (data not shown).
5
Continuous Breast Density Measurement
6
Breast Arterial Calcium Quantification
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Our main outcome was BAC measured by analysis of full-field digital mammograms (Senographe 2000D, General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI or Selenia Hologic). Standard digital mammograms were acquired by trained mammography technicians and transmitted using a secure FTP connection to a workstation for image analysis at the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine. Using mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal projections, arterial calcium mass was quantified (in mg) in each projection and then summed to obtain an estimate of total BAC burden.[26 (link)]
7
Digital Mammographic Imaging Protocol
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Digital mammographic examinations were performed using a Senographe 2000D system (GE Healthcare). Automatic exposure mode was chosen, and the tube voltage was set to 34 kV. Standard craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) positions were assumed by all patients; all glandular breast tissue was included, and bilateral symmetry was considered. The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent. We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
8
Digital Mammography and Ultrasound-Guided Breast Biopsy
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Mammograms were performed with dedicated digital mammography units (Senographe 2000D, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI; Selenia Full Field Digital Mammography System, Lorad/Hologic, Danbury, CT, USA). Standard craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views were routinely obtained, and additional mammographic views were obtained as needed.
US examination and US-guided CNBs were performed before surgery or NAC, with high-resolution US units with 7.5-12-MHz or 4-15-MHz linear-array transducers (iU22, Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA, USA; SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France). The final assessment categorization of each US examination was analyzed prospectively by one of six radiologists with 3-12 years of experience in breast ultrasonography who performed the examination according to the American College of Radiology Breast Image Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS) [11 ]. US-guided CNBs were performed with a 14-gauge dual-action semiautomatic core biopsy needle (Stericut with coaxial; TSK Laboratory, Tochigi, Japan) by one of six radiologists with 3-12 years of experience in breast biopsy under US guidance. Our standard protocol was that at least four core samples per lesion were obtained.
US examination and US-guided CNBs were performed before surgery or NAC, with high-resolution US units with 7.5-12-MHz or 4-15-MHz linear-array transducers (iU22, Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA, USA; SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France). The final assessment categorization of each US examination was analyzed prospectively by one of six radiologists with 3-12 years of experience in breast ultrasonography who performed the examination according to the American College of Radiology Breast Image Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS) [11 ]. US-guided CNBs were performed with a 14-gauge dual-action semiautomatic core biopsy needle (Stericut with coaxial; TSK Laboratory, Tochigi, Japan) by one of six radiologists with 3-12 years of experience in breast biopsy under US guidance. Our standard protocol was that at least four core samples per lesion were obtained.
9
Continuous Breast Density Estimation
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All images were acquired using full-field digital mammography units (Senographe 2000D, General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI or Selenia Hologic, Hologic Inc., Malborough, MA). Standard full-field digital mammograms were acquired from mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) projections. A new validated densitometry method was used to estimate a continuous BAC mass (in milligrams [mg]) score using raw (uncompressed) digital mammograms prospectively acquired and transmitted to the BAC Reading Center at the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine School of Medicine [21 (link)]. Intra- and inter-machine variability has been addressed before [22 (link)].
10
Mammography Imaging Technique for Breasts with Implants
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All mammography images were obtained using digital mammographic units, Selenia Dimensions (Hologic, Bedford, MA, USA) or Senographe 2000D (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis, USA). Three images were obtained for all breasts: standard MLO, ID MLO, and ID CC views. ID MLO and ID CC views were obtained under the full automatic exposure control mode like the breasts without implants. To obtain the ID image, the implant was gently pushed back by hand and displaced posteriorly, while compression was applied to the breast tissues anterior to the implant7 (link). For standard MLO view, mammography including implant was obtained under “implant mode” with automatic exposure control in GE mammography system. In the case with insufficient contrast of breast parenchyma with “implant mode”, we repeated the acquisition with manual setting, however it rarely happened. In Hologic mammography system, we obtained standard MLO view with manual setting of exposure considering the thickness and composition of compressed breast. If the obtained image including implant showed inappropriate contrast of breast parenchyma, “implant present” function was applied for the post-processing of acquired image to make better visualization of breast parenchyma.
The imaging process was performed by experienced breast mammographic technologists.
The imaging process was performed by experienced breast mammographic technologists.
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