The leaching tests were performed in glass vials located on a mechanical shaker (TMS-200 Turbo Thermoshaker), unless otherwise specified. The roasted CRT phosphors were contacted with acetic acid and several parameters were varied in order to determine the optimal operative conditions. The agitation was kept constant at 2500 rpm in all the experiments. The leachate was separated from the solid residue through centrifugation (5300 rpm, 30 minutes, Thermo Scientific Heraeus Labofuge 200 centrifuge) and analysed by TXRF to determine the leaching efficiency EL (%), which was calculated according to eqn (1) : where mL is the mass of the dissolved metal in the leachate (mg) and m0 is the mass of metal in the initial sample (mg). The leaching residue was further treated to recover yttrium and europium. To this aim, MSA was selected as leaching agent. Leaching tests were performed as a function of the lixiviant concentration, by keeping the temperature (T = 90 °C), the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S = 20 mL g−1) and the contact time (t = 24 h) constant. Unless otherwise specified, each experiment was performed in duplicate.
Heraeus labofuge 200 centrifuge
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Germany
The Heraeus Labofuge 200 is a compact, general-purpose benchtop centrifuge. It is designed for routine sample preparation tasks in the laboratory. The Labofuge 200 can accommodate sample volumes up to 100 mL and has a maximum speed of 6,000 rpm.
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2 protocols using heraeus labofuge 200 centrifuge
1
Optimizing CRT Phosphor Leaching
2
Salivary Stress Biomarkers in Pigs
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Saliva samples were collected to determine two salivary stress biomarkers, cortisol (CORT) and chromogranin A (CgA). Saliva samples were collected with the swab in the Salivette® tube (Sarstedt, Aktiengesellschaft & Co., Nümbrecht, Germany) to the pig’s mouth for 1 min. Sow samples were collected between 09:00 and 10:00, and piglet samples between 10:30 and 14:00. Samples were centrifuged (Heraeus™ Labofuge™ 200 Centrifuge; Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Dreieich, Germany) for 10 min at 3000 rpm and stored at −20 °C until analysis. CORT was detected by the automated chemiluminescence immunoassay (Immulite 1000 cortisol; Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Los Angeles, CA, USA) and CgA by the time-resolved immunofluorometry assays (TR-IFMA).
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