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6 protocols using nf κb p65 f 6

1

Wound Healing Efficacy of MASE Gel

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Twenty male
Rattus norvegicus(Wistar) rats were randomly divided into four groups. Their left buccal mucosae were injured by means of a punch biopsy with a 6 mm diameter and 1 mm depth after being placed under general anesthesia ether.
5
The wound was ensured to be confined to the epithelium, without damaging the underlying muscle. Each of the four groups was then treated with MASE gel of varying concentrations three times a day (every 6–8 h); 0% (as control), MASE 25%, MASE 37.5%, and MASE 50%.
After 3 days of application, the
Rattus norvegicuswere sacrificed with lethal dose of ether by inhalation and their buccal mucosae biopsied for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted using anti-mouse TNF-α monoclonal antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., TNF-α [M-18]: sc 1348) and NF-κB monoclonal antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.; NF-κB p65 [F-6]: sc 8008). The number of macrophage cells showing the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB was calculated in three different field locations using a light microscope (Olympus, United States) at 400× magnification, and subsequently averaged.
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2

Analyzing Muscle Fiber Integrity Using Acid Phosphatase Staining

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Acid phosphatase staining was analysed for compromised muscle fibre integrity by incubating TA cryosections in acid phosphatase buffer (HPR reagent, 0.1 M acetate buffer pH 5.0, 50 mg/mL naphthol AS-BI phosphate) for 90 min at 37 °C before being washed and counterstained with a 1:30 dilution of Harris haematoxylin for 1 min. The stained slides were mounted using hydromount.
Immunocytochemistry was performed as previously described [42 (link)] with the following antibodies: monoclonal anti-mouse Pax7 (DSHB-Pax7) (1:1), monoclonal anti-mouse Myosin heavy chain 3 (DSHB-F1.652) (1:1), Rat anti-mouse CD31 (BioRad MCA2388) (1:150), Rat anti-mouse F4-80 (BioRad MCA497R) (1:200), polyclonal rabbit anti-MyoD (Santa Cruz sc-760) (1:200), monoclonal mouse anti-CD68 (Abcam ab955) (1:200), and monoclonal mouse anti-NF-κB-P65 (F-6) (Santa Cruz sc8008) (1:200). Secondary antibodies used were Alexa Fluor 488 Goat anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen A11029) (1:200), Alexa Fluor 594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (Invitrogen A11012) (1:200), and Rabbit anti-Rat HRP (DAKO P0450) (1:200). Sections were mounted using mounting medium, containing 2.5 μg/mL 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Molecular Probes D1306) for nuclear visualisation.
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3

Protein Expression Profiling of Primed Smooth Muscle Cells

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Expression of p70S6K, phospho-p70S6K, NFκB-p65 and phospho-NFκB-p65 in primed smooth muscle cells were measured in cell lysate by western blot. Cells were primed with oxLDL as described above and lysed after 4 h. To analyze expression of Hif1α, cells were primed with oxLDL as described above and harvested on day 5. 7.5 to 10% acrylamide gels were loaded with equal amount of protein per lane. Proteins were blotted onto a PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% milk (w/v) in Tris-buffered saline supplemented with Tween 20 (TBS-T). Membranes were incubated in primary antibody [p70S6 Kinase (49D7) Rabbit Antibody, Cell Sigaling, 2708; Phospho-p70S6 Kinase (Thr389) Antibody, Invitrogen 710095; phospho-NFκB p65 (Ser536) Antibody, Cell Signaling 3033; NFκB p65 (F-6), Santa Cruz, Sc-8008; Hif-1α Antibody, BD 610959; Vinculin Antibody (7F9), Santa Cruz, Sc-73614] in TBS-T overnight at 4°C, washed 3 times and incubated in secondary antibody (Goat anti-rb IgG- HRP, Santa Cruz, sc-2004; Goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP Santa Cruz, sc-2005) in TBS-T for 1 h. For development of the membranes Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (ThermoFisher, 32106) was used.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein

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Protein was run on 10% resolving polyacrylamide gels and transferred to PVDF membrane. Membranes were rinsed with PBS and blocked in 5–10% milk, 1 h at room temperature or overnight at 4 °C. Membranes were then incubated with mouse primary antibody in milk with Tween-20 (Ab Buffer) for 1 h at room temperature or overnight at 4 °C, and washed in PBS with 0.1% Tween-20 (PBST). Membranes were then incubated with anti-mouse secondary antibody in Ab Buffer for 1 h at room temperature, followed by an additional five PBST washes. Primary antibodies were: TWIST1, TWIST 2c1a (Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-81417) 1:250-1:500; for RELA, NF-κB p65 F-6 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-8008) 1:250-1:500; for GFP, GFP B-2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-9996) 1:1000; for actin, Sigma Aldrich A1978 or 2066. Secondary antibodies were HRP conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit. Protein was detected using Blue Devil Film (Genesee) and ECL Plus (Thermo Fisher) or digital imaging. Quantitation of digital images was performed using the accompanying software from Syngene (Frederick, MD) or Carestream MI (Woodbridge, CT).
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5

Quantifying NF-κB Pathway Activation in HHPC and HHK Cells

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Total cytoplasmic and nuclear protein expression levels of the cultured HHPC and HHK were determined by western blot analysis, as we previously described [10 (link)]. We used NF-κB (p65) (F-6; Santa Cruz), phospho-NF-κB (p65 S529) (44-711G; InvitrogenTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific), phospho-IKB-α Ser32/36 (5A5; Cell Signaling), and bcl-2 (C-2; Santa Cruz). We also used β-actin (C4; Santa-Cruz), for cytoplasmic and nuclear extract normalization. Protein levels were quantified by Gel-imaging system (BIO-RAD), in each nuclear and cytoplasmic cellular compartment, and expression levels were estimated by Image Lab 4.1 analysis software 4, BIO-RAD). PARP control was omitted as we focused on NF-κB induced oncogenicity rather than apoptosis.
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6

Immunofluorescence Staining of PPARγ and NF-κB

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Cells were rinsed in ice-cold PBS followed by 15 min incubation with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature. Cell were then briefly rinsed with PBS, incubated for 5 min with 0.2% Triton-100, and washed 3 times, 5 min every time with PBS. Nonspecific binding sites were blocked with 5% BSA for 1 h. Primary antibodies PPARγ (81B8) Rabbit mAb (Cell Signaling Techn no#5468) and NFκB p65 (F-6) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., no SC-8008) were diluted at 1:200, and incubated overnight at 4 °C. Following incubation in cells were washed 3 times, 5 min every time with PBST, and incubated with FITC-coupled secondary antibody (be) and Cy3-labeled Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) (Beytotime, China, diluted at 1:500) for 1 h at RT. Nuclei staining was performed by incubating the cells with DAPI (Beyotime, China) before mounting the processed coverslips onto ethanol-cleaned glass slides using Dabco mountant. The specimens were viewed with an inverted confocal microscope (Olympus, Japan). Image analysis was done with Image J software.
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