Echocardiography was performed with a Vevo 2100 system with a 40-MHz linear probe (VisualSonics, Inc) under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia.23 (link) Renal function was assessed in response to a short-term saline challenge (40 mL/kg 0.9% wt/vol saline, intraperitoneal injection). Animals were placed in an individual metabolic chamber (Tecniplast 3600M021) for 4 hours without access to food or water, and urine was collected at hourly intervals.24 (link) Metabolites were analyzed on an Advia 2400 Chemistry System (Siemens AG, Germany).
40 mhz linear probe
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Canada
The 40-MHz linear probe is a high-frequency ultrasound transducer designed for a variety of medical imaging applications. It operates at a center frequency of 40 MHz, allowing for high-resolution visualization of superficial structures. The probe features a linear array configuration and is suitable for use with compatible ultrasound systems.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
7 protocols using 40 mhz linear probe
1
Cardiovascular and Renal Response to Saline Challenge
2
Cardiac Function Evaluation with Vevo 2100
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In vivo cardiac function was assessed using a Vevo 2100 Imaging System with a 40-MHz linear probe (Visualsonics).20 (link) Data analysis was performed with Vevo 2100 software v.1.2.1 (Visualsonics).
3
Cardiac Imaging and Wall Thickness Analysis
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Animals were imaged using a Vevo 2100 System with a 40-MHz linear probe (Visualsonics) under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia (40 (link)). Relative wall thickness (RWT) in diastole was calculated as follows: RWT = (septal wall thickness + posterior wall thickness)/left ventricular diameter.
4
Echocardiography Assessment of LV Function
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Echocardiography was performed using a Vevo 2100 Imaging System with a 40-MHz linear probe (Visualsonics). The animals were anesthetized by 1%–1.5% isoflurane. ECG monitoring was obtained via limb electrodes. For the LV function and dimension analysis, parasternal long-axis view and short-axis view were obtained. For each parameter, a mean of 3 cardiac cycles in each view was used. Doppler mitral flow profiles were acquired using pulsed-wave Doppler in the apical 4-chamber view. Attention was paid to place the sample volume at the mitral leaflets tip parallel to the blood to record the maximal flow velocities. Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) measurement was performed by simultaneously recording pulsed-wave Doppler of the mitral and aortic flow. IVRT was measured as the time interval between aortic valve closure and mitral valve opening. E′ was obtained by tissue Doppler in a 4-chamber view by placing the velocity sample at the septal mitral annulus. E′ indicated the peak mitral annular velocity during early filling.
5
Comprehensive Cardiac Functional Assessment
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Echocardiography was performed under 2% isoflurane anesthesia at heart rates > 400 bpm, using a Vevo 2100 system with a 40 MHz linear probe (Visualsonics, Canada) [16] (link). LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV end systolic volume (LVESV) and EF were measured using the parasternal long axis view. Peak longitudinal strain of basal LV segments was analyzed by high-frequency speckle tracking [21] (link).
In vivo LV hemodynamics were determined by closed-chest pressure-volume (PV) analysis using a 1.2F microconductance catheter system (Scisense Inc., London, Ontario, Canada) introduced retrogradely into the LV via the right carotid artery under 2% isoflurane anesthesia (body temperature 37 °C). After stabilization, data were acquired via an ADVantage™ system (Scisense Inc., London, Ontario, Canada) coupled to a Powerlab/8SP with Chart Software (ADinstruments, UK). Analysis was conducted using Labscribe, IWork Systems Inc., Dover, NH [17] (link).
In vivo LV hemodynamics were determined by closed-chest pressure-volume (PV) analysis using a 1.2F microconductance catheter system (Scisense Inc., London, Ontario, Canada) introduced retrogradely into the LV via the right carotid artery under 2% isoflurane anesthesia (body temperature 37 °C). After stabilization, data were acquired via an ADVantage™ system (Scisense Inc., London, Ontario, Canada) coupled to a Powerlab/8SP with Chart Software (ADinstruments, UK). Analysis was conducted using Labscribe, IWork Systems Inc., Dover, NH [17] (link).
6
Cardiac Imaging Under Anesthesia
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Imaging was performed under 1.5% isoflurane anaesthesia on a heated platform using a Vevo 2100 Imaging System with a 40 MHz linear probe (Visualsonics, Canada).10 (link) The relative wall thickness (RWT) in diastole was calculated as RWT = (septal wall thickness + posterior LV wall thickness)/LV diameter. Data analysis was performed with the Vevo®2100 software v.1.2.1 (Visualsonics).
7
Cardiac Morphology Assessment in Mice
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Mice were anaesthetised with 1.5% isoflurane and imaged using a Vevo 2100 Imaging System with a 40-MHz linear probe (Visualsonics, Canada). Systolic function, septal and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular diameter were assessed using M-mode imaging in both short and long axis views. The relative wall thickness (RWT) in diastole for each heart was calculated as follows: RWT = (septal wall thickness + posterior wall thickness) / left ventricular diameter.
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