Five solutions of 1-hexadecanol (>99% pure; Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) were prepared in redistilled diethyl ether at concentrations of 100, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 ng/μl (concentrations verified by GC-MS). Prior to experiments, 1 μl of the test 1-hexadecanol solution and 1 μl diethyl ether were applied to filter papers that were left outside the Y-tube for 1 min to allow the ether to evaporate. The papers were then placed in the plastic tubes and volatiles allowed to disperse for 30 s before a vial containing a fly was attached to the Y-tube. To determine whether the presence of ether affected the number of insects entering the Y-tube, the proportion of flies entering when an ether double control was applied was also tested.
1 hexadecanol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
1-hexadecanol is a long-chain primary alcohol with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)15OH. It is a waxy solid at room temperature and is commonly used as a chemical intermediate in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Peg 400 distearate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ferrostatin 1, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
1 octadecanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ml210, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Erastin, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Stearic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Poly ethylene glycol distearate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hyrax m55 rotary microtome, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Helium, by Airgas (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyethylenimine (pei), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphoric acid h3po4, by Avantor (1 mentions)
K2ptcl4, by Strem Chemicals (1 mentions)
Ludox hs 30 colloidal silica, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aluminum tri sec butoxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pentane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nabh4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trimethylaluminum, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone k90 pvp k90, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
R limonene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using 1 hexadecanol
1
Olfactory Attraction of 1-Hexadecanol in Flies
2
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Protocol
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Erastin (S7242), RSL3 (S8155), ML210 (S7088), Ferrostatin-1 (S7243) were pursued from Selleck. acid (P0500), 1-hexadecanol (258741), stearic acid (S4751), 1-Octadecanol (258768), and TBH (458139) were pursued from Sigma Aldrich.
3
Steedman's Wax Embedding for Plant Roots
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Root zone B of rice, maize and onion plants grown in +Si nutrient solution were embedded using the Steedman’s wax protocol [23 (link)] in a modified form. Roots were fixed in freshly prepared Farmer’s fixative (3 parts ethanol + 1 part acetic acid) at 4°C overnight. Roots were then dehydrated under rotation for each 2 h in 75%, 85%, 95% and 100% ethanol, respectively. Molten Steedman’s wax (9 parts poly (ethylene glycol) distearate (SigmaAldrich, St. Louis, USA) + 1 part 1-hexadecanol (SigmaAldrich)) was mixed 1:1 with ethanol and roots were incubated in the mixture at 38°C overnight. Roots were then incubated three times at 38°C for 2 h each in pure Steedman’s wax. Afterwards, roots were divided in 3 mm pieces and embedded in Steedman’s wax in TurbOflowII molds and cassettes (McCormick Scientific, St. Louis, USA). The wax was allowed to solidify overnight at room temperature. The wax blocks were cut with a Hyrax M55 rotary microtome (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) into slices of 20, 50 and 100 μm. Wax slices were dissolved by addition of ethanol and root sections were washed several times by exchanging ethanol until complete removal of the wax.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Supported Catalysts
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Al2O3 (NanoDur, 30–40
m2/g) was purchased from Alfa Aesar; Zeolites β (CP811C-300)
and ZSM-5 (CBV28014) were obtained from Zeolyst International; ZSM-22
and ZSM-35 were ordered from ACS Material. K2PtCl4 (99.9%) was purchased from Strem Chemicals, Inc. Acetone (99.5%)
was purchased from Millipore Corporation. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85%) was purchased from VWR. Polyethylenimine (PEI, Mw = 25000 by LS, Mn =10000 by GPC), NaBH4 (99%), pentane (anhydrous, 99%),
dodecyldimethylchlorosilane (95%), 1-hexadecanol (99%), trimethylaluminum
(TMA, 97%), tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution (TEAOH, 40 wt %
in H2O), aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide (97%), and LUDOX HS-30
colloidal silica (30 wt % suspension in H2O) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water obtained from an EMD Millipore
Milli-DI Water Purification System was used in all experiments.
Ethylene (5% in N2, UHP), isobutene (5% in N2, UHP), hydrogen (5% in N2, UHP), deuterium (5% in N2, UHP), nitrogen (UHP), hydrogen (UHP), argon (UHP), helium
(UHP), CO (5% in helium, UHP), oxygen (10% in argon, UHP), air (ultra
zero) and N2 (research plus) were provided by Airgas company.
m2/g) was purchased from Alfa Aesar; Zeolites β (CP811C-300)
and ZSM-5 (CBV28014) were obtained from Zeolyst International; ZSM-22
and ZSM-35 were ordered from ACS Material. K2PtCl4 (99.9%) was purchased from Strem Chemicals, Inc. Acetone (99.5%)
was purchased from Millipore Corporation. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85%) was purchased from VWR. Polyethylenimine (PEI, Mw = 25000 by LS, Mn =10000 by GPC), NaBH4 (99%), pentane (anhydrous, 99%),
dodecyldimethylchlorosilane (95%), 1-hexadecanol (99%), trimethylaluminum
(TMA, 97%), tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution (TEAOH, 40 wt %
in H2O), aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide (97%), and LUDOX HS-30
colloidal silica (30 wt % suspension in H2O) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water obtained from an EMD Millipore
Milli-DI Water Purification System was used in all experiments.
Ethylene (5% in N2, UHP), isobutene (5% in N2, UHP), hydrogen (5% in N2, UHP), deuterium (5% in N2, UHP), nitrogen (UHP), hydrogen (UHP), argon (UHP), helium
(UHP), CO (5% in helium, UHP), oxygen (10% in argon, UHP), air (ultra
zero) and N2 (research plus) were provided by Airgas company.
5
Miconazole-Citric Acid Formulation
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Miconazole (MCZ, CAS 22916-47-8) and citric acid were purchased from Farmalabor (Bari, Italy). Decanoic acid chloride, 1-hexadecanol, Polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP-K90) and (R)-(+)-limonene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC, Natrosol™ 250 MR) was supplied by Galeno (Firenze, Italy). Buffer solution (pH 6.8) simulating saliva was prepared by dissolving KCl (1.50 g), KSCN (0.54 g), NaH2PO4·H2O (0.50 g), NaHCO3 (1.50 g) and lactic acid (0.90 g) in 1 L of distilled water.
Phosphate Buffer Saline solution pH 7.4 (PBS) was prepared by dissolving 2.80 g of KH2PO4 and 20.5 g of Na2HPO4 in 1 L of distilled water. All these components were purchased from VWR International (Leuven, Belgium). Trehalose was supplied by Hayashibara Shoij (Hayashibara Shoij Inc., Okayama, Japan).
All solvents and chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. Porcine mucosae specimens were kindly supplied by the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Villabate (Palermo, Italy).
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC, Natrosol™ 250 MR) was supplied by Galeno (Firenze, Italy). Buffer solution (pH 6.8) simulating saliva was prepared by dissolving KCl (1.50 g), KSCN (0.54 g), NaH2PO4·H2O (0.50 g), NaHCO3 (1.50 g) and lactic acid (0.90 g) in 1 L of distilled water.
Phosphate Buffer Saline solution pH 7.4 (PBS) was prepared by dissolving 2.80 g of KH2PO4 and 20.5 g of Na2HPO4 in 1 L of distilled water. All these components were purchased from VWR International (Leuven, Belgium). Trehalose was supplied by Hayashibara Shoij (Hayashibara Shoij Inc., Okayama, Japan).
All solvents and chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. Porcine mucosae specimens were kindly supplied by the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Villabate (Palermo, Italy).
6
Hydrocarbon Metabolism Analysis of Plastic Degraders
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For analyzing the ability of putative plastic degraders to metabolize hydrocarbons, changes in DCPIP absorbance were monitored while the six strains were cultured with four types of hydrocarbons as carbon sources. Since PE metabolism occurs in the order of alkane, alcohol, aldehyde, fatty acid, followed by lipid metabolism such as β-oxidation, substances that can be utilized by cells were selected. Hexadecane, 1-hexadecanol, dodecyl aldehyde, and sodium stearate (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) were used as representatives of alkane, alcohol, aldehyde, and fatty acid, respectively (Table S1 ). These substances have 12–18 carbon chains and can be degraded by lipid metabolism. Experiments were performed with 0.25% (w/v) of each substrate except sodium stearate (0.1%). Bacteria were cultured in LCFBM with DCPIP with each type of hydrocarbon (alkane, alcohol, aldehyde, and fatty acid) as a carbon source. Each cell type was cultured in LB broth for 24 h and inoculated after three washes with 0.9% saline. The DCPIP absorbance of the cultured solution was measured using 1 mL of the centrifuged supernatant. Samples were measured at a wavelength of 600 nm every 24 h for five days.
7
Immunodetection of Viral Proteins in Plant Tissues
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For histological analyses, cross sections of tomato leaves and stems (cut into 0.5 cm squares) were processed as described18 (link). Briefly, after fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde in MTSB (50 mM PIPES, 5 mM EGTA, 5 mM MgSO4, pH 7) leaf and stem samples were embedded in wax (PEG 400 distearate and 1-hexadecanol – both from Sigma – mixed at a ratio of 9:1). Fifteen micrometer-thick wax-embedded tissues were sectioned with a microtome (HM340E, Waldorf, Germany), rehydrated and blocked for 1 h at 25 ° C in 2% BSA/MTSB prior to incubation for 18 h at 4 ° C with anti-TYLCV-V2 primary antibody diluted 1:100 and/ or with anti-TYLCV-CP diluted 1:100 in 2% BSA/MTSB. After washing with MTSB the samples were incubated for 1.5 h at 25 ° C with a Cy3- and Cy2-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Jackson Immunoresearch, USA) diluted 1:200. The samples were inspected using a stereoscopic fluorescence zoom microscope (SMZ1500, Nikon, Japan) and fluorescence microscope (Eclipse 80i, Nikon, Japan); V2 was detected as red fluorescent signal, CP was detected as green fluorescent signal. Plant nuclei were stained with DAPI (Thermo Scientific DAPI, Pierce Protein Research Product), at 1 μg/ml for 20 min at 25 ° C, and detected as blue fluorescent signal.
8
Immunofluorescent Labeling of Demethyl-esterified HG
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The immunofluorescence labeling of demethyl-esterified HG was described previously (Qi et al., 2017) and is detailed below. Arabidopsis inflorescence apices were collected and placed in precooled methanol, vacuum infiltrated for 30 min at 4 C, and stored overnight at 4 C. After dehydration, apices were embedded in Steedman's wax composed of PEG 400 distearate and 1-hexadecanol (Sigma-Aldrich). The wax ribbons of 6 mm sections were cut using a Lecia RM2255 microtome. After rehydration, the sections were pretreated for 1 h with 2% (w/v) BSA in T/Ca/ S (20 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM CaCl 2 , 150 mM NaCl [pH 8.2], for the 2F4 antibody) or PBS (for the LM19 antibody) buffer and incubated overnight with the antibody hybridoma supernatant (PlantProbes) diluted 1:500 in buffer containing 0.1% (w/v) BSA. After three washes in buffer with 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20, sections were incubated for 1 h with secondary Alexa Fluor 546 goat anti-mouse IgG (Thermo Fisher, for the 2F4 antibody) or Alexa Fluor 546 goat anti-rat IgG (Thermo Fisher, for the LM19 antibody), diluted 1:750 in buffer containing 0.1% (w/v) BSA. After additional rinses in buffer with 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20, sections were stained with 1 mg/ml DAPI for 5 min. After three washes in water, sections were mounted in ProLong Antifade (Thermo Fisher) under coverslips and examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope.
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