Benzoyl peroxide

4-Bromobenzyl bromide, 4-bromoaniline, 4-pyridylboronic acid, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, p-tolylmagnesium bromide, n-butyllithium and N-bromosuccinimide were purchased from Aldrich and used as received. Benzoyl peroxide was purchased from Acros and used as received. Compounds 3 [18 (link)], [5][OTf]₂ [19 (link)–20 (link)] and 6 [21 (link)] were prepared using literature methods. Solvents were dried using an Innovative Technologies solvent purification system. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using Teledyne Silica gel 60 F254 plates and viewed under UV light. Column chromatography was performed using Silicycle ultra-pure silica gel (230–400 mesh). The solvents were dried and distilled prior to use. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III console equipped with an 11.7 T magnet (e.g., 500 MHz for ¹H). Samples were locked to the deuterated solvent and all chemical shifts reported in ppm referenced to tetramethylsilane. Mass spectra were recorded on a Waters Xevo G2-XS instrument. Solutions with concentrations of 0.001 molar were prepared in methanol and injected for analysis at a rate of 5 µL/min using a syringe pump.

Kleptose Linecaps 17 Lab 4118 (LC, Mw 12,000 Da) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were provided by Roquette Frères (Lestrem, France). Sodium hypophosphite monohydrate, citric acid, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate as crosslinking agent (PEGDA575, Mn 575) were obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Buthyl methacrylate (BMA, 99%) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO, 75%) were obtained from Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium. Lithium bis- (tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) 0.5 M in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (battery grade) was provided by Solvionic (Toulouse, France). Unless specified differently, chemicals were used as received.

The hybrid
AdED system was tailored from plexiglass. The anion exchange membrane
(AEM, AMI- 7001, Membrane International Inc., USA) and the cation
exchange membrane (CEM, CMI-7000, Membrane International Inc., USA)
were supplied to construct a hybrid (electrodialysis and adsorption)
system for boron removal from geothermal water streams. Real geothermal
brine was supplied from Alkan Geothermal Power Plant, Turkey. For
the synthesis of cellulose-based boron selective adsorbents, we purchased
microcrystalline cellulose powder from Sigma-Aldrich. Glycidyl methacrylate
(GMA, 97%), N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG,
99%), and benzoyl peroxide (75%) were purchased from Acros Organics.
Additionally, acetone (99.8%) and boric acid (99.5%), which were used
to prepare the stock boron solution (1000 ppm), were supplied from
Merck.

Polymer used was polyvinyl alcohol (Mol.wt. 72000; degree of hydrolysis ≥98 %; Merck, Germany). The monomer used was acrylic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Netherland). Crosslinkers used were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and glutaraldehyde (Scharlau, Spain). Benzoyl peroxide (Fisher Scientific, UK) was used as an initiator and HCl (Fluka, Switzerland) was used as a catalyst. Distilled water was used as a solvent. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was purchased from Merck, Germany. Metformin hydrochloride was gifted by Popular International (PVT) LTD., Karachi, Pakistan.