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15 protocols using v 550 spectrometer

1

Determination of Phenolics and Tannins in Carob Fruit

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The total phenols content (TPC) of the carob fruit pulp was extracted in methanol:H2O:acetic acid (80:19.5:0.5) in the dark at 4 °C for 24 h and determined as previously described by Kyriacou et al. (2016) based on a slight modification of the method of Singleton et al. (1999) [24 ]. Quantification was performed on a Jasco V-550 spectrometer (Jasco Corp., Tokyo, Japan), based on the absorbance at 765 nm, against a linear calibration (R2 > 0.99) established with gallic acid (50−500 mg L−1) as the external standard. Results were expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) in g kg−1 pulp.
Condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) were determined according to the vanillin methods of Sun [25 (link)] et al. (1998) and Sepperer et al. (2019) [26 (link)], modified as previously described in detail by Antoniou et al. (2020). Extraction of 0.5-g lyophilized pulp was performed in 10-mL methanol:H2O:HCl (50:40:10) for 24 h at 4 °C in the dark. Quantification in catechin equivalents (CE) was performed at 500 nm against calibration with catechin external standards (0.025–0.5% w/v in methanol) replacing the sample and methanol replacing the sample as blank. Results were expressed in mg CE g−1 dw.
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2

Quantification of Carob Flour Phenolics

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The carob flour total phenolic content (TPC) was extracted in methanol:H2O:acetate (50:49.5:0.5) for 24 h at 4 °C in the dark and quantified based on the modification of Singleton et al. [22 ], described previously by Kyriacou et al. [6 (link)]. Quantification was based on the absorbance at 765 nm determined on a Jasco V-550 spectrometer (Jasco Corp., Tokyo, Japan) against linear calibration (R2 > 0.99) with gallic acid (50−500 mg L−1) as an external standard and the results were denoted as g kg−1 flour dw in gallic acid equivalents.
Carob flour content in condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) was determined according to a modification of the vanillin methods of Sun et al. [23 (link)] and Sepperer et al. [24 (link)], described previously by Antoniou et al. [25 (link)]. Lyophilized flour 0.5 g was extracted in 10 mL methanol:H2O:HCl (50:40:10) at 4 °C for 24 h in the dark. Quantification was performed at 500 nm against calibration with catechin external standards (0.025–0.5% w/v in methanol), and the results were expressed in mg catechin equivalents (CE) per g dw.
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3

Absorption Spectra in Quartz Cuvettes

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The absorption spectra were obtained by means of a double-beam Jasco V-550 spectrometer (Jasco International, Tokyo, Japan).
MilliQ water was employed as a solvent, and the samples were placed in 10 mm path length quartz cuvettes.
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4

Characterization of HCs/CB[7] Complexes

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1 mL of HCs or HCs/CB[7] solution ([HCs] = 0.5 μM) was added to the quartz cell (1 cm × 1 cm) for particle size measurement and equilibrated for 2 min at 25 °C. The particle size of HCs/CB[7] was obtained by averaging three times in parallel. UV-Vis absorption spectra of HCs/CB[7] ([HCs] = 10 μM) solutions with different CB[7] ratios were tested using a JASCO V-550 spectrometer. The scanning speed was medium and the UV-Vis absorption spectra were tested from 200 nm to 800 nm. A fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to test the fluorescence emission spectra of HCs/CB[7] ([HCs] = 10 μM) solutions with different CB[7] ratios. 455 nm and 460 nm were chosen as the excitation wavelengths of HC6/CB[7] and HC10/CB[7], respectively. The scanning voltage was 700 V and the fluorescence emission spectra from 475 to 700 nm were tested. The obtained complexes of HCs/CB[7] in Section 2.1 were characterized by 1H NMR (Bruker Avance III 400 HD, Zurich, Switzerland).
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5

Spectroscopic Characterization of FnrP

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UV–visible absorbance measurements were made with a Jasco V550 spectrometer. The extinction coefficient for the E. coli [4Fe–4S] FNR (ε406 nm = 16,200 M−1 cm−1 [28 (link)]) was used to calculate the amount of [4Fe–4S] cluster present in FnrP samples. CD spectra were measured with a Jasco J810 spectropolarimeter. For liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) an aliquot of FnrP (100 μL, 46 μM [4Fe–4S]) was combined with varying aliquots of aerobic (229 μM O2, 20 °C) or anaerobic assay buffer (200 μl final volume), and allowed to react for 15 min. Samples were diluted to ~2 μM final concentration, with an aqueous mixture of 1 % (v/v) acetonitrile, 0.3 % (v/v) formic acid, sealed, removed from the anaerobic cabinet and analyzed by an LC–MS instrument consisting of an Ultimate 3000 UHLPC system (Dionex, Leeds, UK), a ProSwift RP-1S column (4.6 × 50 mm) (Thermo Scientific), and a Bruker microQTOF-QIII mass spectrometer, running Hystar (Bruker Daltonics, Coventry, UK), as previously described [9 (link)].
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6

Pigment Extraction from D. shibae

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For pigment extraction the amount of cells corresponding to an OD578 = 2.5 of the analyzed D. shibae strains were sedimented by centrifugation (10 min, 2,500 × g, 4°C). The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was dissolved in 1 mL acetone/methanol (7:2) solution. Pigment extraction was done on a tumbler mixer at room temperature for 1 h in the dark. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation for 5 min at 2,500 × g and the resulting supernatant was transferred into a quartz cuvette for UV/vis spectroscopy. The spectra were recorded in a range of 300–900 nm on a V-550 spectrometer (Jasco, Gross Umstadt, Germany). The acetone/methanol (7:2) solution served as blank (Gough et al., 2007 (link)).
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7

UV-Vis Spectroscopy of Dshi_1135 Protein

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UV/vis spectra from 200 to 700 nm of the purified Dshi_1135 protein were recorded at room temperature in washing buffer containing 2.5 mM d-desthiobiotin on a V-550 spectrometer (Jasco, Gross Umstadt, Germany) and a quartz cuvette with 10 mm path length. All protein samples were kept in the dark until spectra measurement. For the recording of spectra of purified Dshi_1135 in the signaling state, the sample was illuminated with blue light (457 nm) for 5 min before data collection.
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8

Multimodal Characterization of Nanomaterials

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TEM images were recorded using a FEI TECNAI G2 20 HRTEM operating at 200 kV. XPS measurement was performed on an ESCALAB-MKII spectrometer (VG Co., United Kingdom) with Al Kα X-ray radiation as the X-ray source for excitation. XRD measurements were performed on a Bruker D8 FOCUS using Cu Kα radiation. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy assay was recorded with a JASCO-V550 spectrometer. Fluorescence measurements were carried out using a JASCO FP-6500 spectrofluorometer with the slit width for the excitation and emission of 3 nm.
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9

Purification of Methylated and Nonmethylated AUF1 p45

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The nonmethylated AUF1 p45 was purified as previously described (Friedrich et al. 2014 (link)). Briefly, purification was performed from the soluble fraction of Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RP cells using Nickel-agarose affinity chromatography (HisTrap HP, GE Healthcare) and, after cleavage with SUMO-protease, by Heparin sepharose affinity chromatography and gel-filtration (HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 200, GE Healthcare). To obtain recombinant purified methylated AUF1 p45, the PRMT1 v1 and AUF1 p45 genes were coexpressed in a bicistronic pETSUMO expression vector using the same E. coli cells. To allow for efficient methylation of AUF1 p45 by PRMT1, the bacteria were incubated for an additional 2 h with the translation inhibitor erythromycin (10 µg/mL). The methylated AUF1 p45aDMA was purified using the analogous purification protocol as with the nonmethylated AUF1 p45. UV/Vis absorption spectra were measured using a JASCO V-550 spectrometer. The protein concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm using ε = 58,915 M−1 cm−1. The nonmethylated and methylated AUF1 p45 were stored at −80°C in 20 mM Tris/HCl (pH 7.6), 150 mM KCl, 1 mM Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP).
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10

LCST Determination of Aqueous aECM

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The LCST values were measured using aECM aqueous solutions (1 mg/1mL). The temperature was increased at a rate of 1 °C/min while the percent transmission at 350 nm of the solution was measured using a V-550 spectrometer (JASCO, Tokyo, Japan).
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