MgP-based inks were prepared by incorporating commercial magnesium phosphate (Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) at 10 and 20 wt % concentration into PCL (PURASORB PC 12, Corbion Inc., Netherlands), here abbreviated as 10MgP and 20MgP, respectively. Incorporation of MgP was performed by first dissolving PCL in dichloromethane (DCM, Honeywell, USA) for 6 h with the subsequent addition of MgP under constant stirring. Blend homogenization was obtained by overnight stirring. Finally, the MgP-based ink was precipitated into pure ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and the precipitate was dried in air at room temperature overnight.
Purasorb pc 12
Manufactured by Corbion
Sourced in Netherlands
PURASORB PC 12 is a high-molecular-weight polycarbonate polymer designed for use in various laboratory applications. It provides a consistent, reliable, and high-quality material for researchers and scientists.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Medical grade pcl, by Corbion (2 mentions)
3d discovery printer, by RegenHU (2 mentions)
Pure ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Imagej, by National Instruments (1 mentions)
Phenom pro, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Benzoin, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Prolene, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Biocad software, by RegenHU (1 mentions)
27 protocols using purasorb pc 12
1
Preparation of MgP-based Polymer Inks
2
Fabrication of PCL Meshes for Tissue Engineering
3
Labeling PCL with Quantum Dots for Fluorescence
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We labeled PCL with QDs via a physical composition, not through a chemical reaction or affinity binding. Briefly, Green CdSe QDs (excitation/emission: 500 nm/505–530 nm) and NIR CuInS/ZnS QDs (488 nm/700–800 nm) were purchased from NNCrystals (Fayetteville, AR). We first precipitated QDs from the reaction mixture by adding methanol and chloroform, followed by isolation via centrifugation as previously described [24 ]. The isolated QDs were redissolved in a 6:1 solvent mixture of chloroform and dimethylformamide (DMF) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Then GMP-grade PCL (PURASORB® PC 12; 1.0–1.3 dl/g; Corbion, Palatine, IL) was dissolved in the QD-solvents at 15 wt%, followed by vigorous stirring overnight. The final concentration of QDs was prepared at 0.3–0.5 wt% of PCL. The prepared PCL slurry was vacuum-dried for 48 h, and its fluorescence was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy with a FITC filter.
4
Fabrication of Electrospun Scaffold Architectures
5
Fabrication of Melt Electrowritten PCL Scaffolds
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MEW scaffolds were fabricated by a previously described custom-built MEW [37] . Medicalgrade PCL (Corbion Inc, Netherlands, PURASORB PC12, Lot# 1412000249, 03/2015) was used to fabricate the MEW scaffolds. All MEW printing was performed at 21 ± 2 °C environment temperature and a humidity of 35 ± 10%. PCL was heated at 80 °C in 3 mL syringe and air pressure was set to 3 bar. A high voltage was applied and after an electrified jet was generated, the G-code that drive the collector was initiated. A large 48 x 96 mm rectangular mesh with 100 µm, 200 µm or 400 µm spacing fiber was direct-written and then cut with an infrared laser to 9 mm circular disks for use in 24-well plates for in vitro experiments. MEW scaffolds are produced using the following parameters: 25 G nozzle and a 6 kV voltage applied across a 4 mm collector distance.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of pHMGCL/PCL Blends
7
Fabricating Porous PCL Scaffolds
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Three‐dimensional scaffolds with five different distances between strands (400 μm, 600 μm, 800 μm, 1000 μm, and 1200 μm) were designed using an in‐house custom software that generated 3D‐printing control code (G‐code) and printed using PCL on a 3DDiscovery printer (RegenHU, Switzerland). Medical‐grade PCL (Purasorb PC12; Corbion, Purac Biomaterials) was extruded (HM‐300H thermo polymer extruder, RegenHU; extrusion rate 18 revolutions/m) through a preheated needle (ø300 μm; 80°C) at 0.2 MPa (2 bar) and plotted in a layer‐by‐layer fashion at 5 mm/s. For smaller porosities, the extrusion rate was adjusted to ensure open porosity.
8
Melt Electrospun PCL Scaffolds
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Melt electrospinning written PCL-scaffolds (50 × 50 mm2) from Purac PCL (PURASORB PC12, Corbion, Amsterdam, Netherlands) with box-shaped structure (fiber space: 200, 500 or 1000 µm; fiber diameter: 8 µm; layer number: 30) were produced by a custom made MEW device as described elsewhere [13 (link)].
9
Fabrication of Multilayered PCL Scaffolds
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Medical graded 50 kDa poly ε-caprolactone (PCL, PURASORBPC 12, Corbion Purac, The Netherlands) was used to synthesize the whole implant. Cylindrical core PCL scaffolds were obtained using a 4 mm punch from PCL sheets generated using additive manufacturing with a 0–90° lay-down pattern and 2 mm pore size.
Outer membranous scaffolds of PCL were free solvent printed using melt electrospinning writing technology (MEW; Queensland University of Technology, Australia) with the following parameters: 2.5 bars, 6 kV, 2750 mm/min linear speed, 450 rad/min angular speed and 6 mm printing distance from collector. In order to reduce the membrane hydrophobicity, outer membranous PCL scaffolds were treated with O2/Ar plasma for 8 min (Diener electronic, Plasma-surface-technology, Ebhausen, Germany). Afterwards, PCL membranes were coated with poly-ethyl acrylate (PEA). PEA was obtained by radical polymerization using benzoin (98% pure; Scharlau) as a photoinitiator as described previously34 .
Outer membranous scaffolds of PCL were free solvent printed using melt electrospinning writing technology (MEW; Queensland University of Technology, Australia) with the following parameters: 2.5 bars, 6 kV, 2750 mm/min linear speed, 450 rad/min angular speed and 6 mm printing distance from collector. In order to reduce the membrane hydrophobicity, outer membranous PCL scaffolds were treated with O2/Ar plasma for 8 min (Diener electronic, Plasma-surface-technology, Ebhausen, Germany). Afterwards, PCL membranes were coated with poly-ethyl acrylate (PEA). PEA was obtained by radical polymerization using benzoin (98% pure; Scharlau) as a photoinitiator as described previously34 .
10
PCL Biobased Polymer Scaffold Fabrication
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Polycaprolactone (PCL) Purasorb PC 12, supplied in form of granules by Corbion Purac (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The seller declares: “Biodegradable and biobased, our PURASORB® polymers promote natural wound management and healing via safe and effective surgical and other fiber-based products. They are extremely flexible and can be used in synthetic resorbable mono- and multi-filaments” [21 ]. The Purasorb PC 12 is primarily used for medical devices and applications [22 (link)]. Using the Devo equipment: Filament maker (3Devo, Utrecht, The Netherlands), the granules were processed into a filament with a diameter of 1.75 mm. The scaffold, i.e., a temporary implant, was designed and created in the Magics environment (Materialise, Plymouth, MI, USA). The 3D printing of the final scaffold was carried out using the DeltiQ 2 Plus printer (TriLAB, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic).
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