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3 protocols using dii fluorescent dye

1

Labeling Exosomes with DiI Fluorescent Dye

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To obtain 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-labeled exosomes, purified 2D-exos or 3D-exos were incubated in the presence of 5 μL DiI fluorescent dye (V22885, Invitrogen) for 20 min at 37 °C, then resuspended in 20 mL PBS and ultracentrifuged at 200,000×g for 2 h to remove free dye. After being washed twice, the labeled exosomes were resuspended in appropriate PBS for subsequent experiments.
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2

Bacterial Cell Culture and Staining Protocols

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Tryptic soy agar (TSA, w/5% sheep blood) plates, tryptic soy broth (TSB), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.25% trypsin/2.21 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, 45% glucose solution, 7.5% sodium bicarbonate, sodium pyruvate, and HEPES buffer were all obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Media: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) and RPMI-1640 media were purchased from LONZA (Walkersville, MD). DiI fluorescent dye, Syto-9, propidium iodide (PI), and 100 U/mL penicillin/100 mg/mL streptomycin solution were from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Gentamicin, Triton X-100, cytochalasin D, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysostaphin, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), paraformaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Primary antibody Ab20920 and goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG secondary antibody-Cy5 ab6564 were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2DCF-DA) and dihydroethidum (DHE) were from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY).
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3

Sciatic Nerve Transection and Regeneration

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A sciatic nerve transection model was created in 6-week old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats in order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of FGF9 or NLCs, as described in a previous study 16 (link). The experimental procedures and animal care for nerve injury were also reviewed and approved by the IACUC of National Cheng Kung University (IACUC approval number: 105224). In short, a 10-mm gap was created in the sciatic nerve, and the gap was bridged using a chitosan-coated silicon conduit. ASCs (1.2106 cells) were labeled with DiI fluorescent dye (Invitrogen) and then formed neurospheres with or without FGF9 treatment for 3 days. The DiI-labeled NLCs were then dissociated into single cells and applied into the conduit. Six weeks after injury, the nerve tissues were harvested from the proximal, middle (nerve conduit), and distal segments to evaluate regeneration capacity by using histological and immunofluorescent staining. The gastrocnemius muscles were also harvested from both legs and the relative muscle weight (RGMW) was measured by comparing the muscle weight on the injured leg (left) to the intact leg (right) from the same rat to indicate the success of nerve re-innervation and the prevention of muscle atrophy.
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