The XRD patterns of all samples were recorded using powder X-ray diffraction (Shimadzu
XRD-7000). The morphologies of the porous carbon materials were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM,
JSM-7800F) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL 2100) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Elemental analysis was carried out in a LECO
CHNS microanalyzer. Nitrogen sorption isotherms were obtained using an
Autosorb-1 (Quantachrome Instruments). The specific surface area was calculated using the modified Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The pore size distribution and the pore volume were analyzed from the adsorption branch isotherms by the density functional theory (DFT) method. Moreover, the total pore volume (
Vt) was estimated from the amount adsorbed at a relative pressure
P/
P0 of 0.990. The micropore volume (
Vmic) and micropore surface area (
Smic) were determined using
t-plot theory. Raman spectra were acquired with a Jobin-Yvon
HR 800 spectrometer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed on a Thermo Fisher Scientific instrument (
Escalab 250xi, USA). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on a Thermo Scientific
Nicolet iS 50 spectrometer.
Huang J., Chen J., Yin Z, & Wu J. (2020). A hierarchical porous P-doped carbon electrode through hydrothermal carbonization of pomelo valves for high-performance supercapacitors. Nanoscale Advances, 2(8), 3284-3291.