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10 protocols using hdl and ldl vldl quantitation kit

1

Cholesterol and Cytokine Analysis in Mice

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After 8 weeks treatment, mice were euthanized, and blood was collected by retro-orbital puncture with BD Microtainer tubes and dipotassium EDTA (BD Biosciences). Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm at 4°C for 25min and stored at −80C. Total cholesterol was determined by HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit (Sigma). Cytokines TGF-β (ThermoFischer Scientific) and IL-10 (Biolegend) were measured by ELISA assays (BioLegend) and cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ) were measured by a customized Luminex Multiplex panel, according to the manufacturer’s instructions (ThermoFisher Scientific).
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2

Quantifying Lipid and Bile Acid Levels

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Total hepatic cholesterol and serum HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were measured using HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit (MAK045; Sigma). Serum total and fecal bile acid were measured using Bile Acid Assay Kit (MAK309; Sigma). All experiments were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For fecal bile acid, the feces from individually housed mouse were collected over a 72 hr period.
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3

Serum Cholesterol Fractionation Protocol

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Serum total cholesterol concentration was determined using a routine method, at the Central Clinical Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk. Serum HDL- and LDL- + VLDL-cholesterol was measured using HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit (Sigma, MAK045). Serum samples were mixed with Precipitation Buffer (2:1), incubated for 10 min at room temperature and centrifuged at 2000 × g for 10 min. The precipitate contains LDL/VLDL and the supernatant HDL fractions of cholesterol. Sediment was collected and centrifuged again to remove all remaining trace HDL supernatant. Precipitate was resuspended in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and the rest of the experiment was performed according to the manufacturer instruction.
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4

Plasma Lipid Profiling in Mice

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Blood were collected from tail tips after different fasting/feeding
conditions as specified, and plasma were further isolated via
centrifugation. Triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were measured
using Infinity Triglycerides Reagent (Thermo Fisher) and Infinity
Cholesterol Reagent (Thermo Fisher) respectively according to the
manufacturer’s instructions. For fast protein liquid chromatography
analysis, pooled plasma samples from mice fasted 16 hours was subjected to
FPLC. Cholesterol was measured in the eluted fractions using Infinity
Cholesterol Reagent (Thermo Fisher). For apolipoprotein analysis, equal
volume of FPLC fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting
against APOB. HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to
separate HDL from LDL/VLDL in plasma followed by measurement of cholesterol
and TG levels in those fractions.
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5

LDL and sICAM-1 Quantification

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The concentration of LDL was measured in animal serum samples with commercial HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit according to the manufacturer's protocol (detection range: 2–10 µg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Michigan, USA). The concentration of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) was measured in animal serum samples using commercial Guinea pig sICAM-1/CD54 ELISA Kit assay as recommended by the manufacturer (detection range: 0.313–20 ng/ml; sensitivity min: 0.188 ng/ml, max: 20 ng/ml; MyBioSource, San Diego, California, USA).
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6

Biochemical Profiling of Serum Samples

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Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and incubated for 1 h at room temperature to allow clotting. Serum was collected by centrifugation at 5000×g for 10 min and stored at − 80 °C until analyzed. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and uric acid levels were assayed using a SPOTCHEM SP-4410 automatic dry chemistry analyzer (ARKRAY, Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Serum insulin levels were measured using porcine insulin ELISA kit (Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL/VLDL-c) were measured using the HDL and LDL/VLDL quantitation kit (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) was measured using the free fatty acid quantitation kit (Sigma-Aldrich).
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7

Measuring Plasma Lipid Profiles

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Plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were measured using the EnzyChrom Triglyceride Assay Kit (BioAssay Systems) and the HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit (Sigma Aldrich), respectively, as per the manufacturers’ protocols.
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8

In Vivo and Ex Vivo IL-10 Binding

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For in vivo binding, very low- and low-density lipoprotein [(V)LDL] were separated from the plasma above using a HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit (Sigma-Aldrich) according to manufacturer’s instructions. For ex vivo binding, naïve plasma was incubated with WT IL-10 or Fab-IL-10 constructs (500 ng ml−1) for 2 hr at room temperature. In both cases, the amount of IL-10 in the HDL-rich fraction and the (V)LDL-rich fraction was quantified with an IL-10 ELISA (Invitrogen) and used to calculate the fraction of bound IL-10. Healthy human plasma was purchased from Lonza Biosciences.
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9

Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mouse Model

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C57BL/6J and ApoE-/- (B6.129P2-Apoetm1Unc/J) mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. ApoE-/- Aid-/- double-knockout mice were generated in our mouse colony. Male mice were raised on chow diet until they reached full adult maturity at 12 weeks of age and switched to high-fat diet (#D12079B, Research Diets Inc., 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol) until 28 weeks of age to exacerbate plaque formation. Only male mice were used to eliminate any effects of sex on disease severity (28 (link)). Cholesterol levels were measured from animals that fasted overnight using an HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit (Sigma) per manufacturer’s recommendations. All animal protocols were reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Institute on Aging.
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10

Serum Biochemical Analysis Protocol

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Serum levels of biochemical parameters, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and AST/ALT were measured using LabAssayTM Glucose, LabAssayTM Cholesterol, LabAssayTM Triglyceride, and Transaminase CII-Test Wako. These kits were from FUJI Film Wako Shibayagi Cooperation (Shibukawa, Japan). Serum levels of HDL and LDL cholesterols were measured using HDL and LDL/VLDL Quantitation Kit (MAK045, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
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