Staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538

Three Egyptian cultivar seeds of Vicia faba (fava bean/Sakha 1), Lens culinaris (lentil/Giza 51), and Pisum sativum (pea/Master pea 38) were obtained from the Vegetable Breeding Research Department, Horticultural Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Streptococcus mutants ATCC 25175, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli 0157: HZ ATCC 51659, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 were obtained from the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University. Candida albicans was purchased from the Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

All media were bought from Difco, MB Cell (Seoul, Korea). Standard antibiotics discs of erythromycin (E15) 15 μg/disc, penicillin G (P10) 6 μg/disc and vancomycin (VA30) 30 μg/disc were purchased from Oxoid Ltd., England. Analytical grade AgNO₃ (silver nitrate) was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The pathogenic bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 10145], Escherichia coli [ATCC 10798], and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538] were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

The bacterial strains used in this study are Bacillus cereus ATCC 10702 (New Zealand Reference Culture Collection: Medical Section [NZRM], the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, New Zealand); Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] via Cryosite, Australia); Extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) E. coli CTX‐M‐14 (Clinical isolate, Auckland Hospital); Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (ATCC via Cryosite, Australia) and Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) FPR3757 (Clinical isolate, Auckland Hospital). Strains were stored as frozen stocks at −80°C and recovered on Difco Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA, Fort Richard, Auckland) with incubation at 37°C overnight. Broth cultures were prepared by inoculating 10 ml of Difco Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB, Fort Richard) with a loopful of culture from a TSA plate and incubation at 37°C overnight with shaking at 200 rev min⁻¹. Bacillus cereus endospore preparation followed a standard method (ASTM Standard, 2012 (link)).

All reagents were used
as procured from the vendor unless otherwise mentioned. PVC (high
molecular weight), hyperbranched PEI (MW: 25,000), NAC, trioctyl trimellitate
(TOTM), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)
carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and
Tryptic soy and Luria–Bertani (LB) broth and agar were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, USA). SNAP was purchased from Pharma
block (Hatfield, PA, USA). Human fibroblasts [BJ cells, American type
culture collection (ATCC) CRL-2522], Staphylococcus
aureus (ATCC 6538), and Escherichia
coli (ATCC 25922) were procured from ATCC (Manassas
VA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and penicillin–streptomycin
were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham MA, USA). FBS was obtained
from VWR (Atlanta, GA USA). All aqueous solutions were prepared in
Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ) and purified using a Mettler Toledo
(Columbus, OH USA) apparatus. The drip flow bioreactor apparatus was
acquired from BioSurface Technologies Corporation (Model: DFR-110-6,
Bozeman, MT, USA).

The antibacterial effect of the volatile oil of P. dioica and its main component the eugenol was tested against eight food-borne pathogenic bacteria including four Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis CIP 5265, Vibrio vulnificus CECT 529, Listeria monocytogenes CECT 933) and four Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Salmonella enterica CECT 443, Shigella flexeneri CECT 4804) were procured from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) USA and Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT).

Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) strains provided by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) were used. Single colonies of the test bacteria cultured on blood agar (Merck 110886, Germany) were inoculated into peptone water (Merck 115525) using a sterile loop and adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard using a densitometer (8.17 Log cfu/mL) (Biosan 1B, Turkey). One milliliter of the prepared inoculum was inoculated into albumen samples.

Five Enterobacteriaceae isolates, four Escherichia coli, and one Klebsiella pneumonia were selected to carry out the study. The strains were isolated from poultry in the Regional Veterinary Laboratory of Mostaganem, Algeria, and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), as previously reported [23 (link)]. E.coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, USA) were also tested.